Rio

Question 1

4 main areas of Rio

Answer 1

• North Zone
• Centro
• West zone
• South zone

Question 2

North zone

Answer 2

• Industrial
• Airport
• Low quality housing with poor services

Question 3

Centro

Answer 3

• Oldest part- historic centre
• Imperial Palace and Cathedral
• Retail and tall office blocks dominate
• Large companies have HQs there

Question 4

West zone

Answer 4

• Most modern
• Luxury apartments, shopping malls, tourist facilities
• Urban resurgence

Question 5

South zone

Answer 5

• Economically and socially polarised
• South America’s largest favela overlooking main beaches, tourist facilities, high rise luxury apartments
• Fortress development

Question 6

Cultural diversity

Answer 6

Rio has attracted migrants globally:
- E.g. Argentina + Bolivia
- South Korea and China recently
- Common language attracts people from Portugal
- Skilled workers from UK and USA

Question 7

Economic inequality: unemployment

Answer 7

• Rates around 20%
• Informal sector dominates
• Poorest earn 13% of Rio’s income

Question 8

Social segregation: wealth

Answer 8

60% of 1000 favelas located in suburbs and 25% in outer parts

Question 9

Social segregation: ethnicity

Answer 9

• Intense concentration of affluent white population in affluent beachside South Zone
• Rio’s richest neighbourhood is 90% white while city’s profile as a whole is 50% black or mixed race

Question 10

Social issues:

Answer 10

• Housing problems
• Corruption

Question 11

Social: housing problems

Answer 11

• Arise from 100,000 migrants arriving each yr
• Resulted in many squatting on public or private land in favelas

Question 12

Social: corruption

Answer 12

Widespread in some favelas controlled by criminal gangs involved in gun crime, drugs, robberies, kidnapping, murder

Question 13

Strategies to manage social issues

Answer 13

• Favela-Bairro Project
• Community policing by Pacifying Police Units

Question 14

Social management: Favela Bairro project

Answer 14

Integrated over 250,000 residents in over 140 neighbourhoods- provided with basic sanitation, plumbing, electricity, healthcare, leisure, education and secure hillsides

Question 15

Social management: community policing

Answer 15

Introduced in 2008 and has restored control in almost 200 favelas

Question 16

Economic issue

Answer 16

unemployment (same as economic inequality)

Question 17

Economic management

Answer 17

• New economic activities
• Cable cars

Question 18

Economic management: new economic activities

Answer 18

• Encouraged for example in ICT, public transport and through the strengthening of traditional industries
• Should boost employment in formal sector

Question 19

Economic management: Cable cars

Answer 19

• Link otherwise inaccessible squatter settlements with the rest of the city
• Makes job opps more accessible

Question 20

Environmental issue: congestion and air pollution

Answer 20

40% of Rio’s inhabitants live in the suburbs resulting in 4 million cars jamming the roads daily

Question 21

Environmental management: laws

Answer 21

Tighter environmental laws and controls are reducing raw sewerage, industrial effluent, oil and landfill leachates in Guanabara Bay.

Question 22

Environmental issue: dereliction

Answer 22

• Increased number of abandoned buildings in Rio
• Pacification schemes and promise to spend billions remodelling favelas has had unintended consequences: rent rising

Question 23

Environmental management: squatting projects and renovation

Answer 23

• As the city’s homeless population has grown, squatting projects have become more organised in an attempt to secure abandoned houses as homes for the poor.
• The National Movement for Housing Struggle has worked to renovate existing buildings with the aim of building new houses for families living in inadequate housing in the city.