Shobnall case study

Question 1

Endogenous factors: land use

Answer 1

• a lot of space taken up as residential area with terraced housing, making parking difficult and there being lots of traffic
• houses generally front directly onto pavement and parking can sometimes cause pavement blockages, stopping wheelchair uses and pushchairs
• a range of housing from terraced housing to more modern homes
• house prices are generally low, which encourages more low income families to move there
• recreational area -> Shobnall Leisure Complex
• retail: clusters of small, medium, traditional shops
• breweries
• distribution warehouses

Question 2

Endogenous factors: economic characteristics

Answer 2

• 65.3% of people ages 16-74 are economically active - below regional and national averages
• central location allows more transportation of goods
• house pricing isn’t too high so affordable
• 77% employed in Burton full time
• Shobnall Primary School- allowing education for future economic opportunities
• central location attracts more TNCs such as Rolls Royce

Question 3

Endogenous factors: location

Answer 3

• Centre of England -> led to the development of distribution warehouses, therefore influenced land use and built environment e.g. Clipper and Hobbycraft
• Near the A38 -> accessible for transporting goods
• Approx 30 miles north of Birmingham
• Suburb in south east Burton
• 10 miles south of Derby

Question 4

Endogenous factors: built environment

Answer 4

• Mainly housing- a lot of terraced housing has been there for a long time
• A lot of housing goes straight onto roads
• Warehouses -> industrial, economic development
• High density buildings in the area- towards the town centre
• Clustering of small, medium and traditional shops
• Large areas of green space to the west of the canal- houses mostly have front and back gardens
• Little green space to the east of the canal
• Town hall
• Small and large retail shops

Question 5

Endogenous factors: physical geography

Answer 5

• River Trent runs through Burton- gypsum is present in the water which is good for brewing -> beer is good for trading with other areas and provides job opportunities in manufacturing
• Canal that runs through Burton
• Industrial area that allows for economic benefits

Question 6

Endogenous factors: topography

Answer 6

• Located on flat land in a valley -> densely packed for the availability land, lots of infrastructure and space
• Characterises the place as quite an urban area, allows Burton to expand linearly, industrial area allows warehouses to locate there, flat land allows expansion
• Average elevation of 56m

Question 7

Endogenous factors: infrastructure

Answer 7

• Terraced housing that backs onto each other
• Most houses have gardens to west of canal but not the east
• Small and medium sized shops along Waterloo street .
• Warehouses
• Town Hall
• Bus Station on high street
• Railway station

Question 8

Endogenous factors: demographic characteristics

Answer 8

• 2021= 8000, 2011=7000, 2001=6000
• highest age category is 18-64
• 50.1% male, 49.9% female
• 25% ethnic minority in 2001, 35% in 2011, 34% in 2021
• Highest migrant populations are Muslim and Eastern European

Question 9

Exogenous factors: Proximity to other places:

Answer 9

• Commuter settlement to Birmingham -> 30 mins train from Burton to New Street
• Commuter settlement to Derby -> easy to drive or get the bus (x38 or villager)
• Better job opportunities in bigger cities, more ethnically diverse, different demographic

Question 10

Exogenous factors: inward investment

Answer 10

• Marston’s brewery/ Coors brewery- a lot of pubs down Shobnall Street, a lot of land use down Shobnall Street used to be housing for brewery workers
• Marmite factory
• Rolls Royce in Burton creates more job opportunities, foreign investment
• Toyota factory - people commute to work there as it’s a central location

Question 11

Exogenous factors: Tourism

Answer 11

• St George’s Park, nearby football
• The Brewery attracts visitors -> the Nationsl Brewery Centre provided jobs and income before it was shut down
• Sinai Park House -> ghost tours
• Hotels -> Premier Inn, Three Queens Hotel
• Central location of the UK to go anywhere in the UK easily

Question 12

Exogenous factors: Migration

Answer 12

• 31.8% of the population in Shobnall are Asian
• 33.4% of the Shobnall population are Muslim
• ethnic diversity is increasing

Question 13

External forces: government policies impact on demographic characteristics

Answer 13

• All new housing developments have to meet government policy on affordable housing -> at least 10% of homes

Question 14

External forces: government policies impact on cultural characteristics

Answer 14

• Allows people with lower income to live there -> could allow migration

Question 15

External forces: decisions of multinational corporations on demographic characteristics

Answer 15

e.g. Coors, Unilever, Marmite, distribution centres

• creates jobs for people/ maintain jobs
• attracted people to the area -> growing population
• created low skilled jobs -> initially attracted younger men who then brought family over
• increase in birth rate balancing Shobnall’s ageing population

Question 16

External forces: decisions of multinational corporations on cultural characteristics

Answer 16

• took away some of Burton’s identity and past
• more languages spoken

Question 17

External forces: impacts of international or global institutions on demographic characteristics

Answer 17

e.g. the EU -> distribution warehouses attracted economic migrants - 17% of Shobnall’s population from the EU

• jobs created

Question 18

External forces: impacts of international or global institutions on cultural characteristics

Answer 18

• more diverse community/ workforce

Question 19

Character of place: flows of people: exogenous factor

Answer 19

• Percentage ethnic minority increased from 25-35% between 2001 and 2001 and decreased to 34% by 2021
• 15% increase in population between 2001-2011

Question 20

Character of place: flows of people: how this characterises place

Answer 20

• Creates more diverse area due to diff religions and cultures
• More job spaces can be filled, economic migrants fill low skilled jobs

Question 21

Character of place: flows of people: How does this shape Shobnall?

Answer 21

• Uxbridge St and Waterloo St are very diverse with lots of cultural shops and restaurants
• Religious buildings like mosques and churches

Question 22

Character of place: flows of money and investment: exogenous factor

Answer 22

• TNCs such as Unilever are located there
• 65.3% of people aged 16-74 are economically active
• Central location allows more transportation
• 77% are employed full time

Question 23

Character of place: flows of money and investment: how this characterises place

Answer 23

• Allows more goods to be exported and creates industrial area
• Can boost economy for further development

Question 24

Character of place: flows of money and investment: How does this shape Shobnall?

Answer 24

• Attracted economic migrants from other European countries and Asia
• Lots of low skilled jobs and cheap housing

Question 25

Character of place: **flows of resources and ideas**: exogenous factor

Answer 25

Exports of beer and products from warehouses such as Hobbycraft and Clipper

Question 26

Character of place: **flows of resources and ideas**: how this characterises place

Answer 26

- Creates an industrial area with more jobs available - Better connections to create links with places

Question 27

Character of place: **flows of resources and ideas**: How does this shape Shobnall?

Answer 27

Burton has become known for its beer production so has international connections to sell its products elsewhere

Question 28

External forces: **government policies : impact on demographic characteristics

Answer 28

* all new housing developments have to meet government policy on affordable housing - % have to be more affordable * At least 10% of homes should be available for affordable housing unless it would exceed the level of affordable housing required in the area Impact on cultural characteristics of a place: * allows people with lower income to live there * could allow migration

Question 29

External forces: **Decisions of MNCs**: examples

Answer 29

* Coors- North American, took over Marston's * Unilever * Marmite- Burton based * Distribution centres- Hobbycraft, Argos, Holland and Barrett

Question 30

External forces: **decisions of MNCs: impact on demographic characteristics:

Answer 30

* creates jobs for people/ maintain jobs * Attracted people to the area- growing population * Created low skilled jobs * Several eastern countries became part of the EU so economic immigrants Impact on cultural characteristics: * Took away some of Burton's identity and past * More languages spoken * Low skilled jobs initially attracted younger men- now families settle here * Increase in birth rate- balancing Shobnall's ageing population

Question 31

External forces: **impacts of international or global institutions**: examples

Answer 31

* The EU- distribution warehouses attracted economic migrants -17% of Shobnall population from the EU

Question 32

External forces: **impacts of international or global institutions**: impact on demographic characteristics

Answer 32

* more jobs created

Question 33

External forces: **impacts of international or global institutions**: impact on cultural characteristics:

Answer 33

* more diverse community/ workforce * 20% increase in population from 2001 to 2021 * 2011- 5.6% unemployment * Average household income = £24,600 * 41.9% had no qualifications Character of place: relationships/ connections to other places

Question 34

Flows of people

Answer 34

Percentage ethnic minority increased from 25%-35% between 2001 and 2011 and decreased to 34% by 2021 * 10 new countries joined the EU on 1st May 2004 * 15% increase in population between 2001 and 2011

Question 35

Continuity and Change: How have past connections with other places shaped its character in the present?

Answer 35

- Brewing industry- Burton is globally recognised for its brewing heritage and ward’s proximity to breweries and Trent and Mersey canal made it integral to transport of beer and raw materials -> many residents and businesses still connected to brewing industry - Infrastructure: railway links and canal networks with the Trent and Mersey canal running through Shobnall linking it to a broader network of waterways that were vital for trade during the Industrial Revolution which also influenced area layout -> canal remains a recreational and historical asset - Shobnall is home to waves of immigration, especially in post war period when workers were needed in the brewing industry -> bring cultural diversity, enriching traditions, cuisine and religious practices

Question 36

Continuity and Change: How have new connections with places (in the present) affected Shobnall’s character?

Answer 36

- The expansion of the European Union in 2004 brough an influx of workers from Central and Eastern Europe, e.g. Poland, Romania, Slovakia of which many were employed in construction, warehousing and food processing - Refugees and asylum seekers: in recent years Burton has hosted refugees from conflict zones - New waves of immigration, alongside younger generations maintaining strong ties to their heritage have reinforced the cultural presence of South Asian traditions in Burton

Question 37

Continuity and Change: How has the way Shobnall developed in the past affected its character in the present?

Answer 37

- Layers of immigration have left Burton with a rich, multicultural heritage. - Brewing industry has attracted new waves of workers, shaping demographic and cultural landscape of town

Question 38

Representations of place

Answer 38

- ‘The Crossing’ painting by Lowry - ‘Hard Water’ poem by Jean Sprackland