1
Q
describe the culture of rio
A
- high amount of poverty
- overpopulated
- high crime rates
- vibrant music scene
- Olympic legacy
- Catholicism (Christ the redeemer = tourism)
2
Q
describe the physical environment of rio
A
- green with trees
- coastal (beaches)
- mountainous
- sunny weather
3
Q
describe the built - in environment of rio
A
- urbanised
- high rise buildings
- building on mountains to cope with urbanisation
- inequality of weath
4
Q
describe the day-to-day life in rio
A
- favelas and slum housing
- poorly built
- high crime rates in shanty towns
5
Q
describe the location of rio
A
- southern hemisphere
- a city in Brazil
- south east in the world
- near tropic of Capricorn
- on the coast
6
Q
what is the regional importance of rio
A
- the 3rd largest urban area in Brazil
- cultural capital of Brazil
7
Q
what is the national importance of rio
A
- Brazil’s 2nd largest city for industry (textiles/petrol)
- 2.8 million visitors per year
8
Q
what is the international importance of rio
A
- very significant in the global economy
- hosted 2016 Olympics
9
Q
what are the economic opportunities in Rio compared to rural areas?
A
- tourism - improves Rio’s reputation and so is more well know and more people visit there. this is how they could host the Olympics
- port industries - ports are important to export products, leading to business locating to have good access to ports, generating more jobs in Rio
10
Q
what are the social opportunities in Rio compared to rural areas?
A
- construction - people will be employed in various jobs; even low skilled people can have jobs
- oil refining - countries will always want to buy it meaning secure jobs. countries will always want to buy it. prices are rising due to high demand meaning more jobs.
11
Q
what are the social challenges in Rio? X4
A
- no adequate healthcare - 13 km to the nearest health centre. there could be an outbreak of disease meaning people can’t work. medical staff took health kit to peoples home to treat them for diseases.
- lack of education - 50% of all children continue education beyond 14yo. increased drug trafficking and low income for families. give school grants to poor families to keep the cost of school
- low access to water. 12% of Rio don’t have access to running water. young women would fetch the water instead of being educated.
- energy. whole city suffers frequent blackouts. its dangerous, leads to fires/ causes conflict between neighbours. 60 km of power lines were installed.
12
Q
what are the economic challenges in Rio? X2
A
- unemployment. unemployment rates are over 20% in favelas/ one third of Rio’s 3.5mill workers don’t have formal employment contract. people cant make money to support their families or pay taxes meaning the country pays for them. free childcare is provided to teenage parents to enable them to return to education.
- crime. murder, kidnapping & armed assault. these can cause deaths and mental scarring & decreased tourism because people feel unsafe. in 2013 police pacification unit was established to reclaim favelas form drug dealers.
13
Q
what are the environmental challenges in Rio? X3
A
- water pollution. fishing industry declined 90% in last 20 years due to algae and eutrophication in the river/200 tonnes of raw sewage pours into bay each day/ships empty fuel tanks into bay - no facilities to dispose it. pollution could damage tourism & local economy. 12 new sewage works built since 2004 costing $68mill/ships fined for discharging fuel
- waste pollution. many favelas built on steep slopes w no roads - inaccessible for waste collection lorries. most waste dumped in bay & pollutes water system causing disease. power plant set up using bio-gas from rotting rubbish consuming 30 tonnes of rubbish a day/ this produces electricity for 1000 homes.
- traffic congestion. number of cars in Rio grown 40% in last decade/Rio is most congested city in south america. causes increased deaths from traffic accidents & health problems from pollution from cars. metro system under Guanabara bay was expanded/coast roads are one way during rush hours improving traffic flow
14
Q
Why did Rio grow?
A
birth rate higher than death rate
15
Q
what is in the north zone in rio
A
- main industrial & port area
- international airport & maracaña soccer stadium
- low quality housing & favelas
- Tijuca National Park
16
Q
what is the south zone in rio
A
- main tourist hotels & beaches ie copacabana
- wealthiest district in south america (wealthy area dominated by luxury flats)
- overlooked by rochina largest favela in south america
17
Q
what is the west zone in rio
A
- barra da tijuca changed from lower class area to wealthy coastal suburb (shopping malls & luxury apartments)
- camp grande (industrial area) has low quality housing around the steel works
- main olympic village from rio 2016 found here
18
Q
what is the centro in rio
A
- oldest part of city (many historic buildings)
- city’s CBD & main shopping area
- financial centre
- headquarters of petrobas & CVBB (brazil’s largest oil & mining companies)
19
Q
how does land use vary in rio
A
luxury flats vs favelas
20
Q
how has urban growth created opportunities in rio
A
- steel industry (rio has largest steelworks in s.america). steel is v. diverse material so creates jobs
- construction (ppl employed in various jobs. even low skilled ppl can have jobs)
- tourism (improves rio’s reputation so is more well known. this is how they could host olympics)
- port industries (important to ex&import products. businesses locate to have g. acess to port generating more jobs in rio)
- oil refining ie oil based products for sale/ chemicals important in industry (oil is one of most valuable commodities in world. countries always want to buy it - secure jobs. getting scarce so prices will rise - more money)
21
Q
economic impacts of rio olympics
A
CHALLENGES
- could render city bankrupt
-brazil facing recession = more unemployment, corruption & failing oil companies
-$5bn budget cut 5-20% spoiling reputation of rio
OPPORTUNITIES
- sponsorship predicted to be $900m
-revenue from tourism grew $0.84bn
-local businesses boosted (happy hours held at pubs generating more income)
22
Q
environmental impacts of rio olympics
A
- investigation launched in Guanabara bay bc water had unsafe levels of bacteria
- the zika virus
these could cause tourism to decrease in the future
23
Q
social impacts of rio olympics
A
- 400,000 tourists will visit rio disrupting locals way of life
- elevated bike path killed 2 ppl when it fell
- 385 families evicted from homes as bus lane needed to be fitted to connect airport with host village for Games
- corruption caused failing oil industries
- is it ethical to spend such a great deal on the olympics (one time thing) rather than the poverty stricken residents?
24
Q
reasons FOR police moving into favelas (different people’s POV)
A
RESIDENT
- could worry about their family’s safety
- if one member of their family gets killed/injured they couldn’t earn money to support them
YOUTH
- must stay in education to get a well paid job
-scared to leave their house as they could get hurt
TOURIST
- dont feel safe bc of the threat of drugs/crime
-wont visit there again
25
reasons AGAINST police moving into favelas (different people's POV)
SHOP OWNER
-may get burgled by the people trying to get money for drugs
- they would lose business if police are shooting criminals in their store
POLICE
-dont want to deal with gangs as they may get hurt/die
-this means they cant support their families & less ppl willing to join police force making crime worse in favelas
DRUG DEALER
-will lose business therefore money. drug suppliers could come after them if they don't sell their produce
-won't be able to support their families
26
what are the advantages of the informal economy
- money to support family.they will then spend this in local economy. multiplier effect
- makes entrepreneurs who could attract investors who could support them and improve the CBD of rio
27
what are the disadvantages of the informal economy
- no safety rules
- no money going into rio's economy
- no pension scheme
- no contract (no job security)
- no tax to government for improvements to infrastructure
28
what is the informal economy.
- part of the economy that is neither taxed, nor monitored by any form of government.
- workers who are self employed, or who work for those who are self employed.
29
What are the conditions of the Rocinha favela?
- No privacy
- area smell strongly of human waste
- No infrastructure, running water, or electricity in homes --poor drainage systems
- diseases such as typhoid & malaria
- little space between houses
- bad quality housing (built from died mud)
- humid
- overcrowdedness
30
Describe unemployment in the favelas
- unemployment rates are 20%
- employment poorly paid with irregular jobs in informal sector
- average salary is £75 a month
31
Describe crime in the favelas
- murder rate of 20 per 1000 people
- drug gangs dominate many favelas
- many distrust police bc of corruption and violence
32
Describe construction in the favelas
- houses poorly built bc they're built illegal with basic materials
- built on steep slopes
- heavy rain causes landslides in 2010: 224 dead & 13000 left homeless
- limited road access bc of the steepness of slopes
33
Describe health in the favelas
- population density is 37000 per km^2
- infant mortality is 50 per 1000
- waste cant be disposed of causing disease
- burning rubbish often sets fire to the wooden houses-smoke harmful to health
34
Describe services in the favelas
- 12% of the homes have no running water; 30% have no electricity; 50% no sewage connections
- Many homes use illegal connections to electricity pylons (dangerous)
- sewers are often open drains
- drinking water found by tapping into city's water main/ making trips to the bottom of slopes
35
Describe how some of Rocinha challenges link together
human waste cannot be disposed of properly.
build-up of bacteria so spreading disease ie cholera.
Residents contract this & spread quicker bc of high population density.
They get sick so cant work & support their family.
Immune systems would be weaker bc poor sanitation of access to healthcare bc of open sewers. Could increase infant mortality rate
36
Describe the distribution of squatter settlements in Brazil
- Mostly found in the north zone placed next to industrial areas
- rarely found near the centre of the city; found commonly near motorways
- typically, on the edge of the city – peripheral locations. This is often where people first arrive & is unplanned
- along transport routes where people arrive & near employment areas, near water supplies
37
Describe the pacification scheme in Rocinha favela & it's aims
- giant favela sprawled are rife with crime so police take action to stop injuries & harm
- Aim to tackle social & economic problems & decrease crime & poverty
- aim to increase tourism & improve conditions ahead of the Olympics
38
State facts about the pacification scheme in Rocinha favela
- favela stretches for 2 miles (largest favela in brazil)
- 100,000 people living there
- 30 favelas have been pacified
- has a cable car system with 15 cars (tourism)
- 150 new schools
39
Describe opportunities of the pacification scheme in Rocinha favela
- schools, healthcare centres & rubbish collection provided after Rio's council could safely go in
- government helped to get a cable car in favela connecting to rio's railway network
- Police drive out drugs & gangs (less crime)
- growth in local businesses & eternal investment
- 150 new schools
40
Describe challenges of the pacification scheme in Rocinha favela
- pushing problems elsewhere. Drug gangs are pacified in the favelas but problem still exists on a national level
- rents rise if favelas improve as it’s a nice place to live, further polarising the poorest
41
is the pacification scheme sustainable
yes bc the drug gangs have been driven out & crime decreased
however, will this be long term?
42
describe the Favela Bairro Project & its aims
- the Brazilian government see it cannot fix the housing crisis by destroying them
- they aim to improve the existing favelas but not encourage new ones to be built as
- they are eyesores and portray a bad image of the city
43
Describe challenges of the Favela Bairro Project
- budget is $1bill so may not cover every favela
- residents don't have the skills to maintain repairs
- more training needed to improve literacy & employment
- rents rise in improved favelas, the poorest are even poorer
44
Describe opportunities of the Favela Bairro Project
- access to a water supply & drainage system to improve sanitation
- 100% mortgages for ppl to buy homes
- UPP patrol communities helping reduce crime
- houses have basic services
45
what is a UPP
pacifying police unit
46
is the Favela Bairro Project sustainable
- yes bc they're not building expensive houses, only small improvements
- no bc the residents cannot make any repairs
47
describe the Favela da Rocinha tours & their aims
visitors see 1st hand the lifestyle of residents in the favelas by getting tours around the favelas
48
State facts about the Favela da Rocinha tours
- 70,000 people live in the favelas
| - 40,000 tourists visit the favelas in rio per year
49
Describe opportunities of the Favela da Rocinha tours
- 3500 visit Rocinha paying £25 per 3 hr tour
- locals sell authentic souvenirs generating jobs
- breaks the stigma that favelas are rife with crime, encouraging tourism & improving Rios reputation
50
Describe challenges of the Favela da Rocinha tours
- residents don't agree its beneficial
| - companies are exploiting favelas & taking the profit for themselves
51
are the Favela da Rocinha tours sustainable
no bc the poverty stricken residents are not benefiting from the profit of the tours
-however this could generate more tourism & jobs generating tax which the government could spend on improving their conditions
52
give examples of jobs is the informal economy
-
53
give stats about the recession & unemployment in rio
-
54
decribe the location of rio de janerio
- a state in south eastern region of Brazil
- south of the city lies the Atlantic Ocean
- east of the bay is Guanabara Bay
geography - urbanisation &rio
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