define megacity
a city with a population of over 10 million people
define urbanisation
the increase in the proportion of people living in urban areas (towns and cities) in comparison to rural areas (countryside)
describe where the areas with high and low urbanisation are located.
areas with highest % of urbanisation:
- north america (ie Canada & the USA), Europe (ie France & Germany) and Australasia (ie New Zealand)
- these tend to be countries that are developed
areas with low levels of urbanisation:
- south east Asia and Africa
- these tend to be less developed
name the push factors of rural to urban migration
PUSH
- drought, leading to famine (eg Sudan)
- flooding (eg Dhaka)
- lack of employment opportunities (Sub-Saharan Africa)
- poor education and health services
- land shortage due to population growth
- political unrest/war ie afghanistan
name the pull factors of rural to urban migration
PULL
- higher standard of living in the city (mexico city)
- more job opportunities
- closer to health services (birthing centres/ vaccinations)
- colleges & universities are accessible
- better social environment
why is there a natural increase in population in some areas?
the birth rate exceeds the death rate
what types of places have rapid natural increase?
- poor countries due to the lack of contraception & their culture.
- places with a younger population as they could have a higher fertility rate & are more likely to have babies
what is the global pattern of urbanisation?
north america - very slow south america - medium europe - low africa - extreme but varies asia - medium austalasia - meduim
describe urban growth rate of north america
- meduim urban growth rate
- urban areas increased 1-4% from 2000-05
describe urban growth rate of south america
- meduim urban growth rate
- urban areas increased 1-4%
- uruguay has low growth rate of less than 1%
describe urban growth rate of europe
- low urban growth rate of less than 1%
- republic of ireland & portugal have medium growth rates of 1-4%
describe urban growth rate of africa
- varied urban growth rate
- most countries ie Niger/ Somalia have extreme growth of 5% or more
- Libya/Egypt have medium urban growth of 1-4%
describe urban growth rate of asia
- mainly medium growth rate of 1-4%
- east russia has low growth of less than 1%
- afghanistan has high growth 4- less than 5%
describe urban growth rate of australasia
- mainly medium urban growth rate of 1-4%
describe general trend of urban growth
lower income countries generally have less & small urban areas but higher rates of urbanisation
what 2 factors are urbanisation levels affected by & why
- migration (push & pull factors cause movement of population from 1 area to another - mass urbanisation. millions from LICs move to cities)
- natural increase (natural increase in LICs increase as death rates fall in cities due to access to medical care, improved water supplies etc)
describe pattern of natural increase in pakistan, russia & london & reasons
- Pakistan’s population naturally increasing by 1.75% bc they’re poorer due to lack of contraception
- Russia’s population naturally deccreasing bc birth rate is v. low
- London’s population naturally increasing by 0.3% (more than the rest of UK) bc there’s higher no. of young ppl thus they have a higher birth rate
describe global distribution of world megacities
- highest concentration of megacities located in asia (11 megacities)
- small amount located in north america (3) & south america (3)
- 2 located in africa
- 1 located in europe
