What are the electrical components of a robot?
Sensors
Actuators
Microprocessors
Embedded system characteristics
1 Performs a dedicated single function
#2 Has software that is not easily updated/reprogrammed
#3 An embedded system has a microprocessor (Computers have CPUs)
#4 Embedded system has a lower cost
#5 Small in size
#6 Less power than a general-purpose computer
Embedded system examples?
Washing machines
Dishwashers
Factory equipment
Security systems
Traffic lights
Expert System
Mimics human knowledge and experience and uses a combination of the two to solve problems or answer questions.
Advantages of Expert Systems
1 Consistent results
#2 Faster responses
#3 Can store large amounts of data
#4 Unbiased
Disadvantages of Expert Systems
1 Only as good as the data entered
#2 Responses can be cold and lack human emotion
#3 Requires training to use correctly
What is machine Learning?
By giving a machine data so that it can ‘learn over time’ it helps towards training a machine or software to perform a task and improve its accuracy and efficiency
Uses algorithms to analyse data and identify patterns or relationships
Advantages of Machine Learning
1 Reduces the need for manual work, saving time and effort
#2 Can detect patterns and make predictions more accurately than humans in many cases
#3 Continuously improves performance as it processes more data
Advantages of AI
1 Increased efficiency
#2 Increased accuracy
#3 Scalability
Disadvantages of AI
1 Job losses
#2 Potential for biased decision making
#3 Ethical concerns over its use
Characteristics of AI
Collection of data
Rules for using data
Ability to reason
Advantages of Automated Systems
Cost - Long-term cost saving
Safer - Timely interventions
Safer - Keeps humans away from hazardous environments
Efficient - Materials & Resources
Consistent - Results are repeatable
Disadvantages of Automated Systems
Cost - Initially expensive to set up
Testing - Significant testing must be done before being used
Security - Open to cyber attacks
Flexibility - Will only react to programmed scenarios
Maintenance - Needs to be well maintained
Unethical - Can result in major job losses
(Automated Systems) Advantages & Disadvantages in: Industry
Advantages: #1 Increased production #2 Improved quality control
Disadvantages: #1 High investment costs
#2 Job losses
(Automated Systems) Advantages & Disadvantages in: Transport
Advantages: #1 Less accidents & traffic congestion #2 Increased logistical efficiency
Disadvantages: #1Transportation drivers lose jobs #2 Technology reliability
(Automated Systems) Advantages & Disadvantages in: Weather
Advantages: #1 Accurate forecasting #2 Improved early warning systems
Disadvantages: #1 Dependence on accurate sensor data
(Automated Systems) Advantages & Disadvantages in: Agriculture
Advantages: #1 Less manual labour #2 Increased crop yield & resource management
Disadvantages: #1 High start-up costs for equipment and sensors #2 Deskilling farmers
(Automated Systems) Advantages & Disadvantages in: Gaming
Advantages: #1 Personalised experience #2 AI enhanced opponents add challenge
Disadvantages: #1 Reduced creativity & problem solving for players #2 Repetitive gameplay
(Automated Systems) Advantages & Disadvantages in: Science
Advantages: #1 Faster & more precise #2 Reduced risk of human error
Disadvantages: #1 High cost development and maintenance #2 Potential for algorithm bias
(Automated Systems) Advantages & Disadvantages in: Lighting
Advantages: #1 Increased energy efficiency #2 Better security with motion-activated systems
Disadvantages: #1 Lack of human control with light adjustments
What is MEANT By mahcine learning capabilities
Form of Artificial Intelligence
Edit its own data
Can be trained
Analyses patterns & stores results
(Supervised) Means a user tells the system the input and output
(Unsupervised) Means the system is given the input and needs to work out the output
What is meant by AI?
Ability of a computer or machine to simulate intelligent human behaviour
What are the features of AI?
Machine Learning
Ability to Reason
Data Handling
Ability to simulate human behaviour
What is meant by Machine Learning
Ai systems can learn from data & experience
