Russification

Question 1

What is Russification?

Answer 1

Forcing everyone within the Russian empire to think of themselves as Russian, by enforcing the language and culture.

Question 2

Who comprised 2/3 of the population?

Answer 2

Slavs

Question 3

What is Anti-Semitic?

Answer 3

Being prejudiced against and persecuting Jews.

Question 4

What is Chauvinism?

Answer 4

Exaggerated belief in national superiority and glory

Question 5

What is a Pogrom?

Answer 5

Russian word meaning ‘rounding up’ or ‘lynching’. After 1881 it was associated with the attack on Jews

Question 6

What was Alexander II more concerned with?

Answer 6

Control rather than matters of racial superiority.

Question 7

What broke out in 1863?

Answer 7

Polish rebellion

Question 8

How did Alexander II deal with the 1863 rebellion?

Answer 8

Sending his brother to deal with the rebels.

Question 9

How many Poles joined an underground National Government for Poland?

Answer 9

200,000

Question 10

When was the National Polish Government crushed?

Answer 10

1864

Question 11

What did Alexander II use to keep control?

Answer 11

concessions

Question 12

What 2 examples are there of Alexander II using concessions to keep control?

Answer 12

• Using decrees in 1864 and 1875 to allow Latvians and Estonians to convert back to Lutheranism
• Allowed Finns to have their own diet (parliament)

Question 13

At the end of his reign, what did Alexander II prohibit?

Answer 13

The use of the Ukrainian language in publications or performances in 1876

Question 14

Which of Alexander III’s ministers especially engaged in a policy of ‘cultural russification’?

Answer 14

Pobedonostev

Question 15

What was the official decree of Pobedonostev?

Answer 15

Autocracy, Orthodoxy, Nationality

Question 16

Where was the destruction of non-Russian national cultures particularly marked?

Answer 16

Poland and Finland

Question 17

When was the diet in Finland reorganised and why?

Answer 17

1892 in order to weaken its political influence

Question 18

What examples were there of Russification in Finland? (3)

Answer 18

• The Russian language was increasingly demanded
• The independent postal service was abolished
• Russian coinage replaced local currency

Question 19

When was the Polish National Bank closed?

Answer 19

1885

Question 20

What examples were there of Russification in Poland? (3)

Answer 20

• In schools and universities all subjects except Polish and religion had to be in Russian
• Polish literature had to be studied in Russian translation
• The administration of Poland was changed to curb independence

Question 21

Between what dates were there measures to enforce Russian in Baltic Germany?

Answer 21

1885 and 1889

Question 22

In Baltic Germany, where was Russian enforced (4)

Answer 22

• State offices
• Schools
• Police force
• Judicial system

Question 23

What other provinces was Russification extended to? (3)

Answer 23

Belorussia, Georgia, Ukraine

Question 24

From 1883 what were members of non-Orthodox Churches not allowed to do?

Answer 24

• Build new places of worship
• Wear religious dress
• Spread religious propaganda