S3.2 Functional Groups

Question 1

listed functional groups

Answer 1

• saturated
• unsaturated
• halogeno
• carboxyl
• carbonyl
• hydroxyl
• alkoxy
• amino
• amido
• phenyl
• esters

Question 2

listed Homologous series

Answer 2

• alkanes
• alkenes
• alkynes
• halogenalkanes
• alcohols
• carboxylic acids
• aldehydes
• ketones
• ethers
• amides
• esters

Question 3

Trend in m.p/b.p when carbon chain increases

Answer 3

down homologous series = more points of contact = more LDF = more energy = higher mp

Question 4

No of C related to bp.

Answer 4

• methane, ethane, propane = gases
• n=5 -> n=20 = liquid
• n>20 = solid

Question 5

Functional group

Answer 5

Parts of organic molecules which give them their chemical & physical properties

Question 6

Homologous series

Answer 6

Series of compounds that have the same general formula, similar chemical properties and gradually changing physical properties

Question 7

alkanes

Answer 7

• Functional Group
• -ane
• hydrocarbon
• saturated
• CnH2n+2

Question 8

alkenes

Answer 8

• Functional Group
• -ene
• hydrocarbon
• unsaturated
• CnH2n

Question 8

Halogeno

Answer 8

• Functional Group
• C-halogen- o
• C-X
• F, Br, Cl, I

Question 8

alkyne

Answer 8

*Functional Group
* -yne
* hydrocarbon
* unsaturated
* CnH2n-2

Question 9

Carbonyl

Answer 9

*Functional Group
* C=O
* makes Ketones & Aldehydes

Question 10

Carboxyl

Answer 10

• Functional Group
• -COOH
• -oic acid
• carboxylic acid

Question 11

Alkoxy

Answer 11

• Functional Group
• R-O-R2
• ether

Question 11

hydroxyl

Answer 11

• Functional Group
• -OH
• -ol
• alcohol
• primary, secondary, tertiary

Question 11

Ester

Answer 11

• Functional Group
• -COOR
• alcohol +acid

Question 12

Phenyl

Answer 12

• Functional Group
• aromatic hydrocarbon
• cyclic structure
• benzene ring

Question 13

Amido

Answer 13

• functional group
• OCNH (peptide bond)
• derivative of ammonia

Question 13

Amino

Answer 13

• functional group
• -NH2
• amines

Question 13

alcohols

Answer 13

• homologous series
• -ol
• -OH (hydroxyl)
• CnH2n+1OH

Question 13

Carboxylic acid

Answer 13

• homologous series
• -oic acid
• -COOH
• CnH2n+1COOH

Question 13

Aldehydes

Answer 13

• homologous series
• -al
• -CO (terminal C)
• CnH2nO

Question 13

Ketones

Answer 13

• -one
• -CO (within chain)
• CnH2nO

Question 14

Ethers

Answer 14

• homologous series
• -oxy in middle of two groups
• -R-O-R’
• CnH2n+2O

ex: ethoxymethane

Question 15

Amides (h)

Answer 15

• homologous series
• -amide
• -OCNR

Question 16

Esters

Answer 16

* parent alcohol stem + carboxylic acid * -COO * condensation reaction

Question 17

Writing structural formula of homologous series

Answer 17

Seperate functional group from stem

Question 18

Nomenclature steps

Answer 18

1. select longest continuous chain of carbon atoms & assign stem 2. number carbon atoms from nearest branch 3. name branches & indicate position 4. use 'di', 'tri', 'tetra' when same branch is present more than once 5. arrange in alphabetical order

Question 19

Nomenclature for amide