What is convenience sampling
What is purposive sampling
What is snowballing sampling
The sample’s drawn from a part of population thats easy to obtain
A sample meets the researcher’s need of the project - well informed already
Existing participants recruit more people to take part in the study
Outline the use of interviews
Attempt to understand lived experience
Barbour (2003) - gold standard of qual research
Helps to understand different perspectives
What is a neo-positivist position
What is a romantic position
What is a constructionist position
‘Skilled interviewer’ asks good questions, neutral role to avoid bias
Interviewer establishes rapport and empathetic connection with the interviewee
Interviewer and interviewee co-construct data through interviews
What is the difference between structured and unstructured interviews
Standardised questions - pre planned
Not completely standardised, allows for probing of questions and opinions
What are the 4 other types of interviews
Non-directive - interviewee can talk freely around the subject at hand
Focused interviews - interviewer has previous knowledge of situation
Informal conversational interviews - spontaneous generation of questions as the interviews go on, flexible
Problem-centered interviews - open structure which then shifts into semi structured
What are some ways to increase validity Arskey and Knight (1999)
Using techniques that build a rapport and trust
Prompting expansion on points
What are some ways that bias can occur Oppenheim (1992)
Departures from the instructions
Poor maintenance of rapport
Altering factual questions
Careless prompting
Biased probes
Outline different methods of data collection
Focus groups - people asked opinions on a certain topic
Participant observation
Field notes
Diary entries
Outline when to use focus groups
Intervention design
Market research
Social sciences
Flexible approach
Outline the different types of observations
The complete participant - covert
Participant as observer - overt
Observer as participant - overt
The complete observer - overt/covert
Outline the use of field notes
Observational notes
Theoretical notes - interpretations
Methodological notes - timings
Critical reflection
Outline and evaluate the use of diary entries
Used when observations arent possible
Written or audio recorded
Lengthy or small snippets
Data collected over time
- Less reliant on memory recall
- Participants can be given specific info
- Less inclination for personal details
