What are negative symptoms in schizophrenia?
diminishment or absence of normal function
What is affective flattening?
Lack of emotional expression
what is Anhedonia?
Lack of pleasure
What are positive symptoms of schizophrenia?
excess or distortion of normal function
What are two examples of positive symptoms?
Hallucinations, delusions
How many symptoms, and for what period of time, do you need to be diagnozed with scizophrenia?
Two (or more) of the following, each present for a significant portion of time during a 1-month period (or less if successfully treated). At least one of these must be dellusions, hallucinations or disorganized speach.
What are the five diagnostic criteria of schizophrenia?
- Delusions
- Hallucinations
- Disorganized speech
- Grossly disorganized or catatonic behaviour
- Negative symptoms
What are some issues with child schizophrenia presentation?
Some symptoms that are considered psychotic at an adult age are considered normal in children under 6/7. eg imaginary companions and illogical thoight processing 9monster under the bed)
How does schizophenia presentation change through development?
- After age nine, hallucinations, thought disorder and innapropriate affect are more present.
- Teens are less likely to have delusions and more liekly to have auditory hallucinations
- Both teens are childen are more likely to have less friends than the norm, be teased and withdraw from family.
Who coined the schizophrenia spectrum?
Bentall et al., 2007
What are the key points to come from the schizophrenic spectrum?
Paranoid attributional style and theory of mind probelms may be traced back to early attatchment patterns.
Source monitorring may be traced to early developemnts in frontal lobe function and development of private speach.
Who talks about the development of audio-verbal hallucinations?
Fernyhough, 2004
What did Fernyhough, 2004, say?
Verbal hallucinations are just innapropriately expanded inner dialogue.
What are the DP two models of Verbal halucinations?
Disruption to the internalisation model and The re-expansion model
What is the disruption to the internalisation model?
Disrupted process of inner speech development that explains auditory-verball hallucinations
What is the Re-expansion model?
A DP model to expalin audiotry-verbal hallucinations. Inner speech is re-expanded under stress. It accounts for why trauma exacubates hallucinations.
What is the gold standard for scizohrenia assesment?
- Multi informant interviews
- Observations + mental status examinations
- Symptoms rating scales
- Record reviews
- Comprehensive medical evaluation
Name 4 asessment tests for schizophrenia
- Rorschach
- Thematic Apperception Test
- Sentence Completion tests
- MMPI (ages 14+)
What are the two things needed for effective schizophrenia treatment?
- Intensive psychopharmalogical intervention
2. Psychosocial intervention
Who coined schizophrenia play therapy?
Green et al., 2015
What are the main points of schizophrenia play therapy?
Psychosis effects fantasy and freeplay which is a central activity of childhood. Child centered play fosters self expression and aids communication. CB(Play)T gives examples of vrbal and non verbal ways to solve problems and elicits a sense of self control.
What is behavioural clinical treatent for schizophrenia?
- The living/work enviormental structure is organised. organised extranal structure promotes an organised internal structure of thought.
- Contingency Management- reinforcement to shape behaviour change
- Adaptive Skills- Social, organization & self care deficits by teaching and modeling
What are the problems with behavioural clincal treatments for schizophrenia?
They do not directly adress the cognitive, subjective components of shcizophrenia. Children are given little ability/room to purposely respond.
