Schizophrenia

Question 1

Name 2 positive symptoms

Answer 1

• Hallucinations

- Dellusions

Question 2

What are 3 negative symptoms?

Answer 2

• Flattened affect
• Memory and attentional problems
• Social withdrawal

Question 3

Who were the first to identify the disorder?

Answer 3

• Kraeplin first used term dementia preacox

- Bleuler coined schizophrenia

Question 4

What did both Kraeplin and Bleuler focus on?

Answer 4

negative symptoms

Question 5

What symptoms did Kurt Schneider describe?

Answer 5

• Acoustic hallucinations
• Influence of will
• Delusions

Question 6

What is frontal lobe dysfunction?

Answer 6

• Deficits in organising/connecting thoughts

- Can result in disorganised speech

Question 7

What is stereotypy?

Answer 7

Repeatedly showing the same motor behaviour

Question 8

What is catatonia?

Answer 8

Withdrawal and inactivity from social world

Question 9

Name 4 negative symptoms

Answer 9

1. Affective flattening - limited emotional range
2. Anhedonia
3. Avolition - inability to carry out basic tasks
4. Asociality

Question 10

What are the 3 different periods of onset?

Answer 10

1. Acute - early stage shorter than 3 months, delusions/hallucinations appear within days
2. Sub-acute - early stage 1month-1year
3. Slow/chronic - long early stage of negative symptoms (65% of patients)

Question 11

How have twin studies shown an interaction between social and genetic factors?

Answer 11

• High rate of concordance in monozygotic twins

- However high-risk children raised in adverse conditions more likely to develop the condition

Question 12

What is the dopamine hypothesis of schizophrenia?

Answer 12

• amphetamine is a dopamine agonist which can induce psychotic symptoms
• post mortem of schizophrenics shows high levels of dopamine and more dopamine receptors in the limbic system
• antipsychotica drugs reduce positive symptoms

Question 13

What is the psychodynamic theory of schizophrenia?

Answer 13

• Early childhood trauma from schizophrenic mother

- Cold, distant, rejecting and dominant

Question 14

What did Brown find with regards to schizophrenic relapse rate?

Answer 14

Dependent on social group after discharge with regards to critique, hostility and overinvolvement

Question 15

What did Faris and Dunham find?

Answer 15

Higher incidence of schizophrenia in lower income backgrounds (socio-economic factors)

Question 16

What is Milieu therapy?

Answer 16

Wards now formed a therapeutic community with the aim to create feeling of Self-respect and responsibility, based on mutual respect between staff and patients

Question 17

What are two long term effects of neuroleptics antipsychotica?

Answer 17

• negative symptoms

- tarditive dyskinesia

Question 18

What 3 therapies can help patient after hospital discharge?

Answer 18

• Social training
• Family interventions
• Personal therapy