School Agers
6-12
School Agers: Biologic Growth
Weight: 4-6lbs/year
Height: 2in/year
Teeth: loosing a lot, braces?
General appearance: slimmer look with long legs
- Increases in muscle (but not very strong)
- Decrease in H.C in relation to height
- Thinner at waist
School Agers: Maturation of Systems
- Bladder capacity increases
- HR: 70-90
- RR: 16-24
BP Increases: 112/60
Immune system becomes more competent
-More sick (preschool) when enter school (not enough antibodies yet)
School Agers: Teeth
Deciduous teeth are lost and permanent teeth erupt
Avg child gains 28 teeth between 6-12
-Often need orthodontic work (braces)
School Agers: Dental Health
Dental caries are a big issue at this age
Brushing and flossing
Dental checkups
Limit snacks
- High protein (chicken + cheese)
- Fruits + veg
School Agers: Motor + Sensory development
Bone growth faster than muscle and ligament development
susceptible to fractures
Movements become more limber, graceful, and coordinated
Heave greater stamina and energy
Vision 20/20 by 6-7
Brain growth (size) is complete by 10 years of age
School Agers: Fine motor
6Y:
- tie shoe laces
- cut and paste
- Print (reverses letters)
7Y: reads
8Y: script writing (cursive)
9Y: mature writing
School Agers: Motor Development (6-8)
6-8Y
- Rides bicycle
- Runs, jumps, climbs, hops
- Has improved eye-hand coordination
- Prints word and learn cursive writing
- Can brush and comb hair
*become modest, keeping covered
School Agers: Motor Development (8-10)
8-10Y
- Throws ball skillfully
- Uses to participate in organized sports
- Uses both hands independently
- Handles eating utensils (spoon, fork, knife) skillfully
School Agers: Motor Development (10-12)
10-12Y
- Enjoy all physical activities
- Continues to improve motor coordination
School Agers: (6-12) Stress and Coping
- Super natural beings
- Injury
- Storms
- The dark
- Staying home alone
- Separation from parents
- Things on TV, movies
- Failure in school
- Tests
- Being unattractive
- Teasing
School Agers: Sleep
Sleep time declines but increases during pre-pubertal growth spurt
School Agers: Play
Takes on new dimension that reflect a new stage of development, Involves increased physical skill, intellectual ability, and fantasy, but as children form groups they begin to evolve a sense of belonging to a team or group.
Need for conformity comes out in the games they play. Conformity and ritual characterize the play
Want to be with their peers. Team play becomes big during this time
School Agers: Play 2
6Y: have longer attention spans and continue to prefer structured activities to more open ended experiences.
By age 8: love table games, hate to loose.
By age 10: ready for competition
- Comprehends rules and rituals of games
- Wants to be successful in school and games
- Good eye/hand coordination
- Observing and classifying
- Enjoys music and competitive activities
- Logical thinking and fairness is issue
- Boys and girls play remains separate
School Agers: Assessment of social development
Increasingly influences by peers
Want dress, hair, everything like their peers
Some kids may be forces to act outside peer group in order to conform at home
By age 11: begin mixing awkwardly with opposite sex
Bullying
School Agers: Temperament
Easy children: Adapt readily to school and new situation
Slow to warm: uncomfortable in new situations
Difficult or easily distracted kids: Act out, may not fit in
School Agers: Social Devlopment
- Continues to be egocentric
- Wants other children to play with him
- *-Insists on being first in everything
- *Becomes peer oriented
- Improves relationship with siblings
- Has greater self-control, confident, sincere
- Respects parents and their role
- Joining groups (formal + informal)
- Engages in tasks in the real world
School Agers: Red Flags
School failure
Lack of friends
Social isolation
Aggressive behavior: fights, fire setting, animal abuse
School Agers: Erikson
Industry vs Inferiority
- Children get skills to help them become contributing members of community
- Personal and interpersonal competence through technologic and social skills
- May take part in activities that require practice
- Music
- Hobbies and projects are enjoyed if they are small and short in duration
School Agers: Piaget
Concrete Operational
- Able to use thoughts to experience events and situations
- Mental operations
- Rapidly acquire cognitive skills
- Much less rigid and egocentric
- Progress from making judgements on what they see (preconceptual thinking) to making judgements on what they think (conceptual thinking)
- Life centered on school activities and friends
- Learn reversibility
- Learn classification
School Agers: Cognitive Development
- Learn conservation of liquid, mass, number, length, area, and volume
- Reversibility
- Can serialize
- Ability to read
- Understands Jokes
School Agers: Kohlberg
Conventional Morality: Stage 3-4
- Individual acts to gain approval of others
- Good behavior is what pleases others
- Respect for rules, laws, and property constituted authority
- Rarely question those in authority (Abuse risk)
School Agers: Kohlberg 2
- Believe they should obey the rules
- The riles are set down by others
- Feel guilty when they break the rules
- What adults tell them is the right thing to do
- As they become older, they begin to be more abstract in thinking about moral questions
School Agers: Language
- Learn syntax of language and grammar
- Able to use language to give directions
- can make inferences about work meanings
- Meta-linguistic awareness (means they can pick up jokes, riddles, puns)
