Grade 9 subjects > Science astronomy Quest chapter 8 > Flashcards

Science astronomy Quest chapter 8 Flashcards

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1
Q

What does the solar system consist of?

A

The sun
8 planets
moons
and other celestial objects that orbit sun

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2
Q

what keeps all of the things in the solar system in orbit?

A

gravitational force

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3
Q

what are all the planets in our solar system in order

A

Mercury
Venus
Earth
Mars
Jupiter
Saturn
Uranus
Neptune

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4
Q

what is the astronomical unit?

A

the distance between the Sun and the Earth

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5
Q

how many kms is the astronomical unit?

A

approx. 150 million km

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6
Q

what is a light year?

A

the distance light travels in a year

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7
Q

how many km is a light year?

A

approx. 9.5 trillion kms

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8
Q

What is the nearest star to earth?

A

the sun

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9
Q

What are the inner planets (definition)?

A

The 4 planets closest to the sun

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10
Q

what are the 4 inner planets?

A

Mercury, Venus, Earth and Mars

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11
Q

how far away is the closest planet (mercury) from the sun?

A

0.38 AU

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12
Q

what is the daytime temperature in mercury?

A

mercury can reach over 400degrees C

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13
Q

is there an atmosphere on mercury?

A

no.

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14
Q

what does the temperature at night drop to in mercury?

A

drops to -180 degrees C.

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15
Q

why does the temperature at night drop in mercury?

A

because there is no atmosphere to trap the heat.

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16
Q

how far is venus from the sun?

A

0.72 AU from sun

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17
Q

what is venus’s surface appearance description?

A

rocky, mountainous, covered with molten lava.

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18
Q

what is the average temperature in venus?

A

470degrees C

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19
Q

why is the temperature in Venus 470degrees C

A

because the atmosphere consists mainly of CO, which traps heat.

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20
Q

How far away is earth from the sun?

A

approx 150 million kms/ 1.00 AU from sun

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21
Q

what is earth made up of mostly and what is that percentage?

A

earth is made up 70% water

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22
Q

what is the average temperature on earth?

A

14degrees C

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23
Q

what does the temperature on earth varie from

A

-85 to 65C

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24
Q

how many moons does earth have?

A

1 moon

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25
how does the moon revolve
always on the same side
26
how long does it take to complete a rotation of the earth?
24 hours
27
where does the sun rise from and where does the sun set from?
sun rises from the east and sets from the west
28
what does a rotation cause?
day and night
29
how long does a revolution take?
365.25 days
30
what does revolution cause?
the seasons
31
what is earths rotational axis?
23.5 degrees
32
What does this tilt affect?
average daytime temperatures
33
what does this tilt cause?
the seasons
34
how does the summer work?
the northern hemisphere tilted towards the Sun, receiving sunlight at a higher angle for longer periods of time
35
when is the summer solstice
(Summer solstice: June 22)
36
how does the winter work?
northern hemisphere is tilted away from the sun
37
when is the winter solstice?
(Winter solstice: Dec 22)
38
how does spring work?
day/night almost equal is the equinox
39
what are tides?
Tides are the rising and falling of the surface of large bodies of water
40
what are tides caused by?
Caused by gravitational pull of the Moon and the Sun
41
how do tides work?
The Moon’s gravitational force pulls water towards it, so when the moon is directly overhead, the coastal areas experience ‘high tide’
42
how far is mars from the sun?
1.52 AU from the sun
43
how many moons are in mars
two
44
what are the two moons on mars called?
Phobos and Deimos
45
what does mars's atmosphere consist of?
CO2 and N2
46
what does the surface temperature on mars vary from?
–120 to 30⁰C
47
what does the surface appearance of mars look like?
dry “reddish” soil surface found evidence that surface once had water and glaciers (iron oxide
48
where is the asteroid belt located?
between the orbit of mars and jupiter
49
what is the asteroid belt composed of
mostly rocks
50
what does the larget object in the asteroid belt region qualify as? whats it called?
a dwarf planet called ceres
51
are the asteroids close or far?
the asteroids are very far apart
52
what are the outer planets?
Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune
53
what do the atmospheres of outer planets consist mainly of?
hydrogen and helium
54
what are the outer planets also called?
the gas planets
55
how far is jupiter from the sun?
5.20 AU
56
how many moons does jupiter have?
63 moons including callisto, Io, Ganymede etc..
57
who was the first to see Jupiter's moon's?
galileo
58
What does Jupiter appear to have?
a large red spot/ hurricane
59
how far is Saturn from the sun?
9.54 AU
60
how many moons are on saturn
34 moons including Titan
61
what is the 2nd largest planet?
saturn
62
which planet is the least dense?
saturn
63
atmosphere appearance of saturn?
very cloudy because of the quick rotation
64
How far is uranus from the sun?
19.218 AU
65
how many moons are on uranus?
21
66
who discovered uranus?
William Herschel
67
when was uranus discovered?
March 13 1781
68
How far is neptune from the sun?
30.06 AU from the sun
69
who first observed Neptune?
Galle and d'Arrest
70
when was neptune observed?
Sept 23 1846
71
how far is pluto from the sun?
39.5 AU
72
who discovered pluto? and when?
by Clyde W.Tombaugh in 1930
73
how many moons are in pluto? which is the biggest moon?
5 moons, Charon
74
What are dwarf planets?
A spherical object in space that orbits the sun BUT does not dominate its orbit (i.e. its mass must be greater than anything else that crosses its orbit)
75
which dwarf planet orbits in Neptune's orbit
pluto
76
what are extra solar planets?
Extra (Outside) Solar (Our solar system)
77
What is a meteroid?
is a lump of rock of metal that is trapped by the Earth’s gravity and is pulled down through the Earth’s atmosphere
78
what is a Meteorite?
is a large meteoroid that doesn’t completely burn up in the atmosphere, therefore, hitting the Earth and producing a larger crater.
79
what are comets?
Chunk of frozen matter that travels in a very long orbit around the sun.
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