AKT Revision > Screening Tests > Flashcards

Screening Tests Flashcards

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1
Q

Which conditions are screened for in adults in England?

A
  • AAA
  • Bowel cancer
  • Breast cancer
  • Cervical cancer
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2
Q

Which screening programme is available to all diabetics?

A

Diabetic eye screening

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3
Q

Which screening tests are offered to all pregnant women in England?

A
  • Fetal anomaly screening programme (FASP)
  • Infectious diseases screen
  • Sickle cell and thalassaemia screening
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4
Q

Which screening tests are offered to all newborns in England?

A
  • NIPE (Newborn and Infant Physical Examination)
  • Newborn blood spot
  • Newborn hearing screening
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5
Q

Who is offered screening for AAA?

A

Men aged 65

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6
Q

What does the AAA screening test consist of?

A

Abdominal ultrasound

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7
Q

What are the 4 possible outcomes of AAA screening?

A
  • No aneurysm
  • Small (3 - 4.4cm) aneurysm
  • Medium (4.5 - 5.4cm) aneurysm
  • Large (≥ 5.5cm) aneurysm
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8
Q

What follow-up is required for a negative AAA screen?

A

No further scans required

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9
Q

What follow-up is required for a small (3 - 4.4cm) AAA detected on screening?

A

Annual ultrasound surveillance

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10
Q

What follow-up is required for a medium (4.5 - 5.4cm) AAA detected on screening?

A

3 monthly ultrasound surveillance

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11
Q

What follow-up is required for a large (≥ 5.5cm) AAA detected on screening?

A

Referral to vascular services

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12
Q

Who is offered bowel cancer screening in England?

A

50 - 74 year olds

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13
Q

How often is bowel cnacer screening performed?

A

2 years

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14
Q

What test is used in bowel cancer screening?

A

FIT (faecal immunochemical test)

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15
Q

What are the possible outcomes for a bowel cancer screening test?

A

Positive or negative

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16
Q

What happens after a positive bowel cancer screening result?

A

Referred for colonoscopy

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17
Q

What happens after a negative bowel cancer screening result?

A

Return to normal recall (2 yearly)

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18
Q

Can bowel cancer screening be performed beyond 74 years?

A

Yes, this can be requested every 2 years

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19
Q

Who is offered breast cancer screening?

A

Women between 50 and 70 years old

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20
Q

How often is breast cancer screening offered?

A

Every 3 years

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21
Q

What test is used in the breast cancer screening programme?

A

Mammogram

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22
Q

What are the possible outcomes of the screening mammogram?

A
  • No sign of breast cancer
  • Further tests needed
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23
Q

How are further tests for breast cancer arranged?

A

Referral to breast clinic

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24
Q

What additional tests are offered at breast clinic?

A
  • Examination
  • Mammogram
  • Ultrasound
  • Biopsy
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25
Can women over 70 have further breast screening?
Yes, they can have this every 3 years on request
26
Who is offered cervical cancer screening?
Women aged 25 - 64
27
How often is cervical cancer screening offered?
Every 5 years
28
What test is used in cervical cancer screening?
High risk HPV testing
29
What are the potential results of the HPV test?
* Positive for high risk HPV * Negative for high risk HPV * Unavailable
30
How is a negative high risk HPV test managed?
Return to normal recall (5 years)
31
How is a positive high risk HPV test managed?
Sample sent for cytology
32
How is an 'unavailable' high risk HPV test managed?
Repeat screening in 3 months
33
What happens if a patient has 2 consecutive high risk HPV 'unavailable' results?
Referred for colposcopy
34
What are the potential resutls for cytology testing in cervical screening?
* Negative * Abnormal * Inadequate
35
How is a negative cytology test managed in cervical screening?
Repeat cervical screening in 12 months
36
What happens if any 12 month repeat HPV test is negative?
Return to normal recall (5 yearly)
37
What happens if initial 12 month repeat HPV test is positive?
Send for cytology
38
What happens if initial 12 month cytology for cervical screening is negative?
Repeat screening in 12 months
39
What happens if second 12 month repeat HPV test is positive?
Refer for colposcopy
40
What happens if any cytology result is abnormal?
Refer for colposcopy
41
What happens if cytology results are inadequate?
Repeat in 3 months
42
What happens if 2 consecutive inadequate cytology results?
Refer for colposcopy
43
Who is offered diabetic eye screening?
All diabetics over 12 years old
44
How often is diabetic eye screening performed?
Initially annually but can be reduced to every 2 years if 2 consecutive normal results
45
What are the potential results of the diabetic eye screening programme?
* Normal * Background retinoapthy * Referrable retinopathy
46
What happens to a person with a normal diabetic eye screening result?
Repeat in 1 year if first normal result Repeat in 2 years if second consecutive normal result
47
What happens to a person with background retinopathy on diebetic eye screening?
Repeat in 1 year
48
What happens to someone with referrable retinopathy on diabetic eye screening?
Referred to specialist diabetic retinopathy clinic
49
What does the FASP consist of?
* Combined test * * 20-week anomaly scan | Or quadruple test if beyond 14 weeks
50
What does the combined test screen for?
* Down's Syndrome (T21) * Edward's Syndrome (T18) * Patau's Syndrome (T13)
51
What does the combined test consist of?
* Maternal age * Biochemical markers * Ultrasound measurements
52
What biochemical markers are used in the combined test?
* bhCG * PAPP-A
53
What ultrasound measurements are used in the combined test?
* Nuchal translucency * Crown-rump length
54
When is the nuchal translucency scan performed?
10 - 14 weeks
55
What other scan is the nuchal translucency scan often done at the same time as?
12 week dating scan
56
What are the 11 conditions looked for in the 20 week scan?
* Anencephaly * Open spina bifida * Cleft lip and palate * Diaphragmatic hernia * Gastroschisis * Exomphalos * Serious cardiac abnormalities * Bilateral renal agenesis * Severe skeletal dysplasia * Edward's * Patau's
57
Which infectious diseases are screened for in pregnancy?
* HIV * Hep B * Syphilis
58
When is the IDPS offered?
Booking
59
Who is antenatal sickle cell disease (SCD) screening offered to?
* All pregnant women * Fathers when the mother is a genetic carrier
60
How is SCD screened for antenatally in high prevalence areas?
Blood test
61
How is SCD screened for antenatally in low prevalence areas?
Family origin questionanire
62
Who is antenatal thalassaemia screening offered to?
* All pregnant women * All fathers if the mother is a genetic carrier
63
How is thalassaemia screened for antenatally?
Blood test
64
What conditions are screened for in the NIPE?
* Congenital heart disease * Developmental dysplasia of the hip * Congenital cataracts * Cryptorchidism
65
When is the NIPE performed?
* Within 72 hours of birth * At 6-8 week check
66
When is the newborn blood spot test performed?
Day 5
67
What conditions are screened for on the newborn blood spot test?
* Sickle cell disease * Cystic fibrosis * Congenital hypothyroidism * Phenylketonuria * MCADD * Maple syrup urine disease * Isovaleric acidaemia * Glutaric aciduria type 1 * Homoycystinuria * Hereditary tyrosinaemia type 1
68
What is the test used in the newborn hearing screening programme?
Automated otoacoustic emission test
69
When is the newborn hearing screening test offered?
Within 4 - 5 weeks
70
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