Who were the big three?
George Clemenceau, David Lloyd George and Woodrow Wilson.
What did Germany have to do in terms of reparations in the Treaty of Versailles?
Reparations were fixed in 1921 at 136,000 million marks (£6600 million or £6.6 billion).
What did Germany have to do in terms of military forces in the Treaty of Versailles? (5)
- Army was limited to 100,000 to be used internally only.
- Navy was limited to 6 battleships, 6 cruisers, 12 destroyers and 12 torpedo boats.
- No submarines were allowed and rest of fleet was destroyed.
- No air force was allowed, existing airforce was destroyed.
- Rhineland was demilitarised; German was not allowed in Rhineland as it bordered France.
Who was George Clemenceau? (3)
- Prime Minister of France.
- Wanted Germany to pay for all war damage after around 1.4 million Frenchman were killed and huge areas of France were destroyed.
- Wanted to weaken Germany’s armed forces so they could never attack France again.
Who was David Lloyd George? (3)
- Prime Minister of Great Britain.
- Wanted to keep Germany weak but also avoid humiliating them (as that could make them want to attack again).
- Wanted to end the German threat to British Empire.
Who was Woodrow Wilson? (4)
- President of USA.
- USA joined war in 1917 and didn’t suffer as much as Britain and France.
- Wanted to prevent Germany becoming aggressive again but didn’t think it should be punished too much.
- Wanted different national groups to have rights to rule themselves (self-determination).
What did Germany have to do in terms of colonies in the Treaty of Versailles?
The 11 German colonies in Africa and the Far East were given to victorious countries known as ‘mandates’ (territories to look after).
What did Germany have to do in terms of lost land in the Treaty of Versailles? (8)
- Alsace and Lorraine were lost to France.
- Eupen and Malmédy were lost to Belgium.
- Posen and West Prussia were lost to Poland (this divided Germany into 2, cutting off East Prussia from the rest of the country.
- Public votes took place in other areas to decide whether they should leave Germany.
- Upper Silesia voted to become part of Poland.
- Northern Schleswig became part of Denmark.
- German port of Danzig was made an international city.
- Output of rich Saar coalfields also went to France for 15 years.
What was life like for Hitler as a school boy? (4)
- Good relationship with mum but hated his dad. Mum was his favourite person.
- Mother sent him to private school but h failed all his school exams.
- Wanted to be an artist.
- Father died when he was 13 and mother when he was 17.
What was life like for Hitler as a soldier? (6)
- Moved to Munich in 1913 to avoid being called to the army.
- Won the Iron Cross for bravery.
- Was enrolled a soldier after all, and volunteered to join the German army.
- War ended while he was in hospital with injured eyes and he wasn’t happy about it.
- Blamed Germany’s surrender on weak politicians and Jews.
- Eyes were injured from being temporarily blinded from gas attack.
When and where was Hitler born?
1889 in Braunau.
What was life like for Hitler as a politician? (6)
- Became v-man after WW1 and spied on political group to see if they were dangerous.
- Joined a new political party and was member 555.
- Made speeches and articles for newspapers.
- Tried to take over Germany in 1923.
- Went to prison for treason but was released after 9 months.
- Wrote book called ‘Mein Kamf’ in prison.
What was life like for Hitler as a homeless artist? (5)
- Moved to Vienna in 1907 looking for work as an artist.
- Tried to get into Academy of Fine Arts college but failed entrance exam.
- Earned a living from window cleaning, painting houses, drawing and selling postcards on the street.
- Ended up in hostel for homeless people.
- Felt foreigners were ruining Austria by taking over jobs and introducing their way of life.
What was life like for Hitler as a leader? (3)
- Went back to running Nazi party once released from prison.
- Promised his country work and bread and the more jobs people lost the more votes he got.
- By 1932, Nazis were most popular political party and Hitler became Germany’s chancellor in January 1933.
The ‘Great Depression’ started in 1929 and countries stopped buying and selling from each other.
What happened in 1933 that lead up to WW2?
Hitler began to increase Germany’s armed forces 3 days after becoming leader, building up his army, navy and airforce in secret (rearmament).
What happened in 1935 that lead up to WW2?
Hitler had planes, dozens more battleships than he was allowed and thousands more soldiers. He told the world but no one did anything.
What happened in 1936 that lead up to WW2?
Hitler sent his soldiers to the Rhineland area and no one stopped him. His aggressive moves worried some people though - Winston Churchill made many speeches thought no one listened as he was not yet prime minister.
What happened in 1938 that lead up to WW2?
German troops marched into Austria but even though he was still breaking the Treaty of Versailles, no one stopped him. He told the world he wanted to region of Sudetenland, Czechoslovakia. Neville Chamberlain visited Hitler to discuss his demands.
Who was Neville Chamberlain?
Prime Minister of Britain between 28th May 1937 and 10th May 1940.
What happened in 1939 that lead up to WW2?
In March, Hitler’s promises were exposed as lies. He kept wanting more and the countries of Europe realised he couldn’t be trusted. Other countries started to declare war.
What was Blitzkrieg?
Lighting fast military campaign using tanks, troops and aircraft’s to bring a swift victory.
What are the first 3 steps of the Blitzkrieg tactics?
1) German attackers identify a weak point in enemy’s attack.
2) Germans create smoke screen to hide the forces gather in behind.
3) Planes bomb military and civilian targets and drop paratroopers behind enemy lines, disrupting communication to slow down enemy troops.
What are the last 3 steps of the Blitzkrieg tactics?
4) Tanks would now break through on land.
5) Armoured vehicles filled with German soldiers seized strategic spots.
6) Infrontary troops arrive and take control of the city.
Where was attacked by Germany by the spring of 1940 during Blitzkrieg? (5)
France, Denmark, Netherlands, Norway, Belgium.
