C165 Mary > Section 1 > Flashcards

Section 1 Flashcards

(115 cards)

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1
Q

Knowledge about natural world and set of methods and processes for learning about the natural world

A

Science

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2
Q

What are the physical sciences

A

Physics
Chemistry
Earth Science
Space Science

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3
Q

A science that is concerned about behaviors and interactions of nonliving systems

A

Physical Science

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4
Q

The study of forces, energy, and mortion studied by physicists

A

Physics

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5
Q

The study of atoms and molecules, their structure and interactions to form various substances

A

Chemistry

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6
Q

Focus on earth’s structure and composition, processes that change earth

A

Earth Science

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7
Q

Which physical science asks how fundamental forces exist

A

Physics

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8
Q

Which physical science asks how atoms combine to form new substance

A

Chemistry

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9
Q

Which physical science asks what processes occur inside the earth

A

Earth Science

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10
Q

Which physical science ask how did the universe form

A

Astronomy

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11
Q

An experiment in which a scientist intentionally changes one quantity and observes how another quantity changes

A

Controlled Experiment

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12
Q

The changing quantities in an experiment

A

Variables

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13
Q

The variable that is changed by experimenter in an experiment

A

Independent Variable

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14
Q

The variable that changes because of the independent variable

A

Dependent Variable

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15
Q

The variable that scientists do not wish to study that needs to either be eliminated or kept constant

A

Control Variable

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16
Q

Experiments in which systems are observed as they appear in nature and researchers do not attempt to change them

A

Observational Studies

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17
Q

Observational studies done outside a laboratory setting

A

Field Studies

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18
Q

Experiments that take place in a highly controlled artificial setting

A

Laboratory Studies

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19
Q

A model that represents a real object or a phenomenon usually on a smaller scale

A

Physical Model

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20
Q

A model that can be used to visualize things that cannot be seen such as atoms

A

Conceptual Model

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21
Q

A model that describes physical objects or phenomena using mathematical methods

A

Mathematical Model

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22
Q

A model that uses computers to explain and predict complex systems such as weather patterns and the detailed movements of objects in the solar system

A

Computer Model

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23
Q

A mathematical relationship between two variables whose ratio remains constant as their numerical value change (synonymous with positive correlation)

A

Direct Proportionality

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24
Q

A mathematical relationship between variables in which an increase in the value of one causes a decrease in the value of the other (synonymous with negative correlaton)

A

Inverse Proportionality

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25
A lack of relationship between variables on a graph; a change in one value does not affect the other
No Correlation
26
A parameter that quantifies the relative changes in variables that are directly or inversely proportional
Proportionality Constant
27
The point on a graph where the value of both x and y axes are zero
Origin of the Plot
28
A type of graph comparing two variables as data points in Cartesian, x-y coordinates
Scatterplot
29
A quantity that compares the values of two variables expressed as a fraction
Ratio
30
What is the universal worldwide system of measurement units
SI System International
31
Measures the distance between two objects used by SI also known as length
Meter symbol m
32
Measure the mass of matter of an object also known as mass in SI
Kilogram symbol kg
33
How long an event lasts or the break between events measures time in SI
Second symbol s
34
Base unit of temperature tells you how hot something is as measured temperature in SI
Kelvin symbol K
35
SI base unit for amount of substance primarily dealing with submicroscopic entities
Mole symbol mol
36
SI base unit for the amount of of electric current
Ampere symbol amp
37
SI base unit for photometry science of measuring light as perceived by the human eye
Candela symbol cd
38
mega
M 1,000,000
39
kilo
k 1,000
40
deci
d 0.1
41
centi
c 0.01
42
milli
m 0.001
43
micro
µ 0.000001
44
nano
n 0.000000001
45
Depends on the material itself , not on the object's size or mass
desity
46
A derived unit specifying the number of grams of a substance per mole of that substance
molar mass
47
The number of moles of a particular particle or molecule in one liter of another substance **concentration**
molar units
48
Defined as the distance traveled per time interval
speed
49
When base quantities are combined the produce
Derived quantities
50
The amount of space an object occupies
volume
51
Meter per second as derived quantities and units
speed m/s
52
Square meter as derived quantities and units
area m²
53
Cubic meter as derived quantities and units
Volume m³
54
Kilograms per cubic meter as derived quantities and units
Density kg/m³
55
An object's speed and direction
Velocity
56
How fast something is moving
Speed
57
Rate at which the velocity of an object changes with respect to time
Acceleration
58
A push or a pull applied to object
Force
59
Measure of unit of force
Newtons N
60
Forces that combine to produce a net force of zero
Balanced forces
61
There is no net force and therefore no acceleration
Zero net force
62
There is a net force, so acceleration is possible
Non-zero net force
63
When forces combine to produce a net force different from zero the forces are said to be ___________?
unbalanced
64
When two forces act in opposite directions?
Opposing forces
65
The net force of an object is the cause of its acceleration. (an object in motion wants to stay in motion) AKA called the law of inertia
Newton's 1st law
66
Acceleration of an object depends on the mass of the object and the amount of force applied Acceleration produced by net force on object is proportional to the net force and inversely proportional to the mass
Newton's 2nd law
67
A testable statement about how something in nature works
Hypothesis
68
A concise statement that is supported by scientific evidence and repeated experiments and describes a widespread patten in nature
Law
69
A statement that explains a wide range of observations and that is supported by a large body of scientific evidence how and why
Theory
70
The tendency to keep the same motion, to remain at rest, or to maintain the same velocity (Newton's 1st Law) Measure by its mass The greater the mass of an object the more it resists changes to motion
Inertia
71
What is the mathematical equation of Newton's 2nd law
net force acceleration = _____________ mass OR Fnet a = _________________ m net force = mass times acceleration
72
Whenever one object exerts a force on a second object, the second object exerts a force of the same magnitude in the opposite direction on the first object
Newton's 3rd law
73
A pattern that is observed in nature
Scientific law
74
Amount of matter as measured
Mass
75
An instrument used for comparing the measure of mass
Balance weight and mass are directly proportional to each other
76
The force that opposes the motion of an object on which it acts Is caused by interactions between atoms and molecules of two objects in contact
Friction
77
Name the two types of friction
Kinetic Static
78
A force of friction between two objects moving against each other MOVING
Kinetic
79
Type of friction occurring between two objects touching each other but not moving against each other
Static
80
An attractive force that acts to pull objects closer to each other
Gravity
81
Name the law that states that gravity is inversely proportional to the square of the distance between two objects
Universal gravitation Newton force of gravity between any two objects is directly proportional to their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them
82
The mass of an object times it velocity
Linear Momentum
83
A scientific law that states that momentum is conserved when two or more objects collide
Law of conservation of momentum i.e. Newton's cradle the balls momentum is transferred through the balls objects collide, momentum may be transferred from one object to another but total momentum within the group of objects stays the same
84
A collision where the total momentum and total kinetic energy are conserved
Elastic collision
85
A collision where the total momentum is conserved but the total kinetic energy is not conserved
Inelastic collision
86
Energy that is being used or converted, results in the displacement of an object in the direction of an applied force
Work
87
The capacity to do work or to cause change
Energy
88
Energy objects have because they are moving
Kinetic energy
89
Energy that is stored by an object
Potential energy
90
Energy that an object has due to its height above the ground
Gravitational potential energy
91
Energy that is stored in the chemical bonds in a substance
Chemical potential energy
92
Energy that is stored in stretched springs, rubber bands, and similar objects
Elastic potential energy
93
The energy an object possesses by being in motion
Kinetic energy
94
Sometimes called light energy, this is energy that is carried by electromagnetic waves
Electromagnetic energy
95
Energy produced by the motions of atoms and molecules resulting in an increase in temperature
Thermal energy
96
Thermal energy that is transferred is called
Heat
97
The law explaining that energy cannot be created or destroyed; it can only be transferred or converted from one form to another
Law of conservation of energy
98
A repetitive motion that usually occurs about a center point
Oscillation
99
A combination of an oscillating electric field and an oscillating magnetic field; electromagnetic waves can trave through both the vacuum of space and a medium
Electromagnetic wave
100
A position or state to which an oscillating object eventually returns after a disturbance is gone
Equilibrium
101
Waves that can travel only through matter and require a medium to transport their energy
Mechanical waves
102
A space in which there is no matter
Vacuum
103
A wave where the oscillation is perpendicular to the direction the wave is traveling
Transverse wave
104
A wave where the oscillation is parallel to the direction the wave is traveling
Longitudinal wave
105
The center point of a wave where no movement is occurring
Equilibrium position
106
The highest point of a transverse wave
Crest
107
Vertical distance from the equilibrium to the crest of the equilibrium to the trough of a transvers wave
Amplitude
108
The horiZontal distance after which the wave repeats itself in space
Wavelength
109
An interval in time after which the motion of a particle on the medium starts to repeat
Period
110
The number of oscillations the wave makes in a givem amount of time, typically a second
Frequency
111
The lowest point of a transverse wave
Trough
112
When particles of matter are pushed closer together
Compression
113
When particles of matter are pulled away from each other pressure is lower than usual
Expansion
114
How high or low a sound is; the pitch of a sound depends on the frequency of the sound waves
Pitch
115
The energy of a sound wave, the greater the energy of the wave, the greater its amplitude and, therefore, the louder the sound
Loudness
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