Section 2

Question 1

The study of the properties and interactions of substances

Answer 1

Chemistry

Question 2

Small particles that make up all matter consisting of a nucleus (made of protons and neutrons), and electrons surrounding the nucleus

Answer 2

Atoms

Question 3

A negatively charged subatomic particle found outside of the nucleus

Answer 3

Electron

Question 4

The capacity to cause change or do work

Answer 4

Energy

Question 5

A measure of how much matter an object has

Answer 5

Mass

Question 6

Anything that takes up space and has mass

Answer 6

Matter

Question 7

The center of an atom where the protons and neutrons are located

Answer 7

Nucleus

Question 8

A neutral (not charged) subatomic particle, one of the two particles that make up an atomic nucleus

Answer 8

Neutron

Question 9

A positively charged subatomic particle; one of the two particles that make up an atomic nucleus

Answer 9

Proton

Question 10

A diffuse region of negative charge surrounding an atomic nucleus; it describes the region in which electrons are located (their exact location is uncertain)

Answer 10

Electron Cloud

Question 11

Electrons that occupy the outermost regions, those farthest from the nucleus of an atom

Answer 11

Valence electrons

Question 12

A substance that is composed of a single type of atom, as defined by the number of protons in the nucleus

Answer 12

Element

Question 13

A chemical that contains at least two different types of atoms in a fixed ratio

Answer 13

Compound

Question 14

Any substance that has a definite, fixed chemical composition

Answer 14

Chemical

Question 15

Attractive forces that hold atoms together

Answer 15

Chemical bonds

Question 16

An exact number of atoms of one type of element or more than one type of element that are held together by covalent bonds

Answer 16

Molecule

Question 17

A compound that contains carbon and hydrogen

Answer 17

Organic compound

Question 18

Components that are not evenly mixed

Answer 18

Heterogeneous mixture

Question 19

Components that are evenly mixed and cannot be differentiated with the unaided eye

Answer 19

Homogeneous Mixture

Question 20

A chemical that contains only one type of element or compound (also referred to as a substance)

Answer 20

Pure substance

Question 21

A combination of two or more pure substances

Answer 21

Mixture

Question 22

The amount of space that a substance or object occupies

Answer 22

Volume

Question 23

Properties that are visible to the naked eye

Answer 23

Macroscopic properties

Question 24

When a change in chemical composition occurs

Answer 24

Chemical change

Question 25

A process where chemical bonds are formed or broken

Answer 25

Chemical reaction

Question 26

When matter changes in appearance without changing in chemical composition

Answer 26

Physical change

Question 27

The new substances formed by a reaction

Answer 27

Products

Question 28

Substances that go into a chemical reaction

Answer 28

Reactants

Question 29

An atom with a net electric charge

Answer 29

Ion

Question 30

When a strong attractive force occurs between the two ions because one is positively charged and the other is negatively charged, and the unlike charges are attracted t one another

Answer 30

Ionic bond

Question 31

When two nonmetals react, netiher one fully transfers electrons to the other, instead, the sharing of electrons provides the attractive force that holds the atoms together

Answer 31

Covalent bond

Question 32

When metal atoms are bonded the valence electrons move freely from one metal atom to another

Answer 32

Metallic bond

Question 33

Rows in the periodic table

Answer 33

Period

Question 34

Columns in the periodic table

Answer 34

Group

Question 35

Elements within a group that have the same number of valence electrons

Answer 35

Family

Question 36

Atoms that tend to lose electrons

Answer 36

Metals

Question 37

Atoms that have electrons that are very tightly associated with the nucleus

Answer 37

Non-metals

Question 38

Atoms that are shiny like metals but have an intermediate electrical conductivity, known as semiconductors

Answer 38

Metalloids

Question 39

A scientific law that states matter cannot be created or destroyed

Answer 39

Law of conservation of mass

Question 40

Indicates the ratio of chemicals that participate in a reaction; the coefficientis written before the chemical formula; no coefficient indicates a ratio of one

Answer 40

Coefficients

Question 41

The number written below the line indicate the ratio of atoms in a compound, no subscript indicates that only one of that atom is present

Answer 41

Subscripts

Question 42

A measure of the average kinetic energy per particle

Answer 42

Temperature

Question 43

Thermal energy that is transferred from one substance to another

Answer 43

Heat

Question 44

The total kinetic energy of all the particles that make up the gas

Answer 44

Thermal Energy

Question 45

The process by which a liquid turns into a gas

Answer 45

Evaporation

Question 46

A process that occurs when particles in the gas phase no longer have sufficient energy to overcome attractive forces between them and turn into a liquid

Answer 46

Condensation

Question 47

A change from one state to another

Answer 47

Phase change

Question 48

The process of turning from a solid into a liquid

Answer 48

Melting

Question 49

The process that occurs when a liquid turns into a solid

Answer 49

Freezing