What is the skill of human development in teaching?
Identify expected growth and changes at all physical, cognitive, and psychological stages of development
What are learning theories?
Conceptual frameworks that explain how individuals acquire knowledge, develop skills, and change behaviors over time
What is Behaviorism?
Sheds light on how external stimuli shape behavior, emphasizing the focus observable behaviors rather than internal mental processes
What is classical conditioning?
Illustrates how associations between stimuli can lead to learned responses
What is operant conditioning?
Demonstrates how behaviors are strengthened or weakened
What is cognitivism?
It seeks to understand the internal processes involved in learning, such as perception, memory, problem-solving, and decision-making
What are Mental schemas?
Cognitive frameworks that help people organize and interpret information
What is Bloom’s revised taxonomy?
A framework that categorizes educational objectives into six levels of cognitive complexity: remembering, understanding, applying, analyzing, evaluating, and creating
What is information processing theory?
A key component of cognitivism that focuses on understanding the mental processes involved in learning and cognition
What is constructivism?
A prominent theory in education combining cognitive and social elements emphasizing active learning, student-centered instruction, and the construction of knowledge through personal experiences and interactions
What is self-directed learning?
Taking self-directed control of learning, setting goals, finding resources, and solving problems independently
What is discovery learning?
Learning by exploring and independently resolving challenges, using curiosity and problem-solving skills to discover new ideas and concepts
What zone of proximal development (ZPD)?
The gap between what learner can accomplish independently and what they can achieve with guidance and support
What is a More knowledgeable other (MKO)?
The teacher or a peer; a person who possesses more knowledge or expertise than the learner and provides assistance and guidance within the ZPD
What is social constructivism?
Underscores the interplay between individual cognition and social factors in shaping learning; complements the emphasis on social interaction by highlighting the role of observational learning and modeling in knowledge acquisition
