Section 2, Lesson 3: Encoding, Retrieval, Consolidation

Question 1

maintenance rehearsal

Answer 1

Repeating information to keep it active in STM (shallow processing).

Question 2

elaborative rehearsal

Answer 2

Linking new info to existing knowledge for deeper processing and better LTM storage.

Question 3

levels of processing theory

Answer 3

Deeper processing (meaning) leads to more durable memory than shallow processing (appearance/sound).

Question 4

What did Craik & Tulving show about deeper processing?

Answer 4

Recall improves when people process meaning rather than surface features.

Question 5

paired associate learning (Bower & Winzenz result)

Answer 5

Associating related pairs improves memory performance compared to unrelated pairs.

Question 6

self-reference effect (Leshikar)

Answer 6

Memory improves when information is related to oneself.

Question 7

generation effect (Slamika & Graff)

Answer 7

Memory improves when people generate answers themselves rather than just reading them.

Question 8

Why does organizing information help memory?

Answer 8

Structure creates retrieval cues and makes recall more efficient.

Question 9

survival value (survival processing)

Answer 9

Memory improves when information is processed in terms of survival relevance.

Question 10

retrieval practice effect

Answer 10

Testing/retrieving learned material improves long-term retention more than restudying.

Question 11

testing effect

Answer 11

Improved memory caused by retrieval during testing (overlaps with retrieval practice effect).

Question 12

elaboration (term)

Answer 12

Adding meaningful connections/details to strengthen memory storage.