Appraisal vs. Arbitration
Appraisal = disagreement on AMOUNT of loss (each side picks appraiser → umpire if needed → any 2 of 3 decide).
Arbitration = disagreement on OTHER AREAS of the loss.
Insurable interest — when must it exist for property?
At the TIME OF LOSS
Vacant vs. Unoccupied
Vacant = no property OR people (may affect perils and claim value).
Unoccupied = no people but property present (does NOT affect perils or claim value).
Assignment of policy
Cannot be transferred without WRITTEN consent from insurer
Subrogation
Insurer’s right to sue at-fault third party for damages insurer paid to insured
Binder
Temporary insurance given by agent (verbal or written); can be canceled by company; does NOT guarantee policy issuance; ends automatically if policy issued
Domestic vs. Foreign vs. Alien insurer
Domestic = state where incorporated. Foreign = incorporated in another state/US territory. Alien = incorporated in another country.
Surplus lines — key rules
Sold by unauthorized/nonadmitted insurers on state’s approved list; only to certain high-risk insureds; CANNOT be sold solely for a cheaper rate.
Experience rating period
Usually 3-year period based on insured’s claim history
Commercial auto — supplementary bail bond limit
$2,000 (vs. $250 in CGL/BOP/personal)
Builders risk — termination triggers
Property accepted by purchaser, 90 days after construction completed, building occupied/put to use, insured’s interest ceases, or insured abandons construction
Mobile home insurance — personal property
40% of dwelling coverage; loss of use = 20%; requires permanent foundation
Yacht vs. Boatowner
Boatowner = less than 26 feet. Yacht = 26 feet or more.
Difference in Conditions (DIC) policy
Catastrophic property exposures; high deductibles; NO coinsurance requirement
Liquor liability — also called
Dram shop liability; excluded from CGL; covers businesses that sell or serve alcohol
Employment Practices Liability
NOT covered by CGL; ONLY policy that covers discrimination
Section I vs. Section II (HO)
Section I = Property (Coverages A-D).
Section II = Liability (Coverages E-F). Section I is first-party (pays insured). Section II is third-party (pays others).
Direct loss vs. Indirect loss
Direct = immediate damage from peril.
Indirect = consequential loss over time (lost business income, rental car costs, additional living expenses).
Named peril vs. Open (special) peril
Named = ONLY listed perils covered.
Open/Special = ALL perils covered EXCEPT those specifically excluded.
Classes of construction (1-6)
1-Frame, 2-Joisted Masonry, 3-Noncombustible, 4-Masonry Noncombustible, 5-Modified Fire Resistive, 6-Fire Resistive
2 most common types of contract bonds
Performance bonds
Bid bonds
A payment bond guarantees
that the contractor completing job will be paid
A performance bond guarantees
That a contractor will complete complete the contract usually construction
A contract bond guarantees
Perfromance of the terms written in a contract