Section B- Aggression

Question 1

Channelled aggression

Assertive behaviour

Answer 1

Behaviour within the rules but may have a side-effect physical pain without intention

-Within the rules and goal-direct but does not intend to cause injury

Question 2

Causes of Aggression

Answer 2

• Nature of sport
• Rivalry between the 2 teams
• Importance of event
• Venue
• Poor officiating
• Extrinsic rewards

Question 3

4 Theories of aggression

Answer 3

• Instinct theory
• Frustration-aggression Hypothesis
• Aggressive cue hypothesis
• Social learning theory

Question 4

Instinct theory

Answer 4

• The behaviour is innate and genetically inherited
• states that energy builds up and has to be released to maintain out well being
• sports is a cathartic release

Question 5

Frustration-aggression Hypothesis

Evaluation

Answer 5

• People didplay aggressive behaviour due to innate characteristics and learning from others
• They become aggressive when their goal is blocked
• So frustration leads to aggressive behaviour

Evaluation

• Not all frustration leads to aggression
• Not all aggression is caused by frustration
• Doesn’t consider situational factors

Question 6

Aggressive cue hypothesis

Evaluation

Answer 6

• Frustration will cause arousal to increase
• But, aggression will only occur if the correct cues are present
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Evaluation

• Explains why they sometimes stay composed
• States the its linked to learning as well as situational factors

Question 7

Social learning theory

Evaluation

Answer 7

• Aggression is learnt through the observation of others
• If actions are reinforced they would be repeated in similar situations (vicarious experience)

Evaluation
-it does not explain why some people are aggressive without observing that behaviour

Question 8

Reducing and controlling aggressive behaviour

Answer 8

• Punish acts of aggression with penalties e.g. bookings/fines
• Positive reinforcement of non-aggressive behaviour
• Use role models (Non-aggressive)
• Reduce the importance of the event
• Set performance goals
• Lower levels of arousal
• Stress management techniques
• Educate player about aggression and assertion