Section II - Chapter 1-Basic Organizational Approach for HM/WMD Incidents

Question 1

_______ factors play an important role in control operations at all emergency incidents.

Answer 1

Time

p 65

Question 2

Factors that increase time on HM/WMD incidents:

• Getting __________ personnel on scene
• ______________ the hazards of chemicals involved
• Determining the type of ___________ __________ that should be worn
• Donning clothing and accomplishing _____-_______ medical monitoring
• Constructing a ______________ Reduction / _______ zone
• Suiting up a ________ and _________ Team

Answer 2

• trained
• Researching
• protective clothing
• pre-entry
• Contamination / Warm
• Decon and Backup

p 66

Question 3

It often takes several _________ to control a HM/WMD incident, and may take ______ or _______ to completely clean up a contaminated site.

Answer 3

entries / days or weeks

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Question 4

Time factors:

The establishment of a _________ Officer early in the incident is critical. The _________ Officer will work with shippers, manufacturers, plant personnel, carriers, and other agencies that will arrive soon after the incident begins.

Answer 4

Liaison / Liaison

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Question 5

Historically, hazardous materials response has been _________ based. __________ based means that actions of responders were tightly driven by SOPs or SOGs.

Answer 5

Procedure / procedure

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Question 6

______-based response is a systematic process by which responders analyze a problem involving HM/WMD, assess the hazards, evaluate the risk, and determine appropriate response actions based on fact, science and the circumstances of the incident.

Answer 6

Risk-based

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Question 7

______ _____________ has been described as the study of threats, vulnerabilities, likelihood, and consequences.

Answer 7

Risk assessment

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Question 8

Four components of risk for HM/WMD:

• T________/ H_________
• V_____________
• Likelihood of ______________
• C_______________

Answer 8

Threats / Hazards
Vulnerability
Likelihood of occurrence
Consequences

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Question 9

Threats/Hazards
This component of risk can be broken into C________, B_________, R____________, N__________, E___________ (CBRNE) as types of hazards.

Answer 9

Chemical, Biological, Radiological, Nuclear, Explosive

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Question 10

Threats/Hazards

The ________ of an incident can affect the threat to responders. ________ can be broken down into accidental, malfeasance, illicit, or intentional.

Answer 10

cause / cause

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Question 11

Vulnerability

The types of harm can be defined as __________.

Answer 11

TRACEME

Thermal
Radiological
Asphyxiate
Chemical
Etiological
Mechanical
Electrical
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Question 12

Vulnerability

Protective measures can be broken down into ______, _________, ___________ and ___________. (TDS&D)

Answer 12

Time, Distance, Shielding and Detection
(TDS&D)

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Question 13

Vulnerability

• Time - Limit the time of _________ to the hazard
• Distance - As a general rule, the _________ the distance the ______ the hazard
• Shielding - Includes personal protective equipment including _______ and the use of natural and man-made objects as _________ to the hazard.
• Detection - Use detectors that read before ______ of particular types of hazards are a means of protection.

Answer 13

• exposure
• greater / less
• SCBA / barriers
• IDLH

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Question 14

This component of risk can be very subjective. The facts, science and circumstances of the incident must be considered. The experience of the decision maker is critical for this component ?

Answer 14

Likelihood Occurence

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Question 15

This component of risk is also subjective and should include the consideration of loss of life and property ?

Answer 15

Consequences

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Question 16

____________ is an abbreviation for the seven ways that hazardous materials can harm the human body.

Answer 16

TRACEME 
* Thermal Harm
* Radiological Harm
* Asphyxiative Harm
* Chemical Harm
* Etiological Harm
* Mechanical Harm
* Electrical Harm
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Question 17

_________ harm consists of exposure to extreme heat or cold.

Answer 17

Thermal

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Question 18

___________ is a process in which unstable atoms emit excess energy from their nucleus.

Answer 18

Radiation

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Question 19

There are four different types of radiation:

• _________
• _______
• _________
• _________

Answer 19

• Alpha
• Beta
• Gamma
• Neutron

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Question 20

Radiation
- The heaviest type of radiation, a particle made up of two protons and two neutrons. Cannot penetrate skin but it is extremely dangerous if eaten or inhaled.

Answer 20

Alpha

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Question 21

Radiation
- Small particle radiation made up of a single electron. Hard to penetrate skin, but is also harmful if ingested or inhaled.

Answer 21

Beta

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Question 22

• The most dangerous type of radiation, electromagnetic waves that are extremely energized. Can easily penetrate skin.

Answer 22

Gamma

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Question 23

Radiation

- Consists of free neutrons moving through space. Can make atoms radioactive.

Answer 23

Neutron

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Question 24

____________ agents interfere with oxygen flow, causing suffocation.

Answer 24

Asphyxiative

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Question 25

There are two types of chemical agents: 1. ________ 2. ________

Answer 25

1. Toxic 2. Corrosive p 68-69

Question 26

Chemical Harm: 1. Toxic * Includes _______ _______, such as sarin, which damage and impede the central nervous system * _________ agents such as mustard gas, cause blistering of the skin * _________ agents, such as pepper spray, are designed to cause temporary harm that subsides once the material is no longer present.

Answer 26

* nerve agents * blistering agents * irritating agents p 68-69

Question 27

Chemical Harm: 2. Corrosive * Strong ______ or ______ that cause the disintegration of various materials. When in contact with skin they can cause severe burnlike injuries.

Answer 27

acids or bases p 69

Question 28

Etiological Harm * Harm caused by a _____________ * Consists of all ___________ agents, including anthrax, Ebola and botulism toxin * May be ________, ________, or ________ created from organisms * Generally have an incubation period of ______ to ______ before symptoms appear.

Answer 28

* microorganism * biological * bacteria, viruses, or toxins * hours to days p 69

Question 29

Mechanical Harm: * Physical harm such as cuts or abrasions caused by _______ objects such as shrapnel * Major danger from ____________, which may cause fragmentation of casings or nearby objects * Hazardous materials generally have more immediate dangers than mechanical harm, but it is important to be aware of the possibility of ___________, _________ objects and similar risks at an incident.

Answer 29

* solid * explosions * explosions, falling p 69

Question 30

Electrical Harm: | * Electrical injuries normally have an _________ and _____ point and can cause severe damage to _________ _______.

Answer 30

entrance and exit / internal organs p 69

Question 31

Psychological Harm: * A major danger for hazmat responders is the stress of dealing with a very dangerous, ____________ situation. * Even experienced responders may feel the pressure of having to deal with an ___________, __________ threat. * The psychological effects are the greatest when an incident results in __________ or _______ to responders or civilians.

Answer 31

* unfamiliar * invisible, unknown * injuries or death p 69

Question 32

Fire departments should have a __________ _________ ___________ for the initial response to a hazardous materials incident. The resources assigned to the first alarm should be sufficient to: * Safely approach and _____ ___ the situation * Begin to isolate the area and establish a ________ perimeter * Attempt to _________ materials, quantities, and conditions * Assume ___________ and report on conditions * Request additional ___________ and make mandatory notifications if required * Begin ___________ actions consistent with local SOGs and state and federal law * Assign an _________ ________ Officer

Answer 32

* size up * safety * identify * Command * resources * defensive * Incident Safety p 70

Question 33

Although the actions of the first arriving companies are limited, they are possibly the most important element in determining whether the incident will have a ?

Answer 33

positive or negative outcome p 70

Question 34

HM/WMD incident: The number of personnel or companies needed for a specific incident will depend on many factors, including: * Staffing and __________ levels * Individual agency's _______ * _______, ________, and _________ laws and their interpretations

Answer 34

* training * SOGs * Local, state and federal p 71

Question 35

Resource requirements at a HM/WMD incident: As a general rule, the minimum number of personnel required to conclude a serious HM/WMD incident involves enough people to staff all _______ Hazardous Material Group ICS and a _________ _______ Leader.

Answer 35

seven / Medical Unit p 71

Question 36

In addition to the eight ICS positions, at least four people should be assigned to the _______ _______ Unit Leader, allowing for a two person _________ _______ team and a two person _________ team.

Answer 36

Entry Team / primary entry / backup p 71

Question 37

The number of people assigned to the Decontamination Unit Leader will vary greatly depending on the specifics of the incident; however ________ people are the suggested minimum.

Answer 37

three p 71

Question 38

Staffing all the positions in the Hazardous Materials Group as previously described would require a minimum of _________ people who are properly trained and equipped to handle the particular incident.

Answer 38

fifteen p 71

Question 39

First arriving units: The decision making process follows the hierarchy of our incident priorities of ______ ________, incident ___________ and protection of __________.

Answer 39

life safety / stabilization / property p 72

Question 40

NIMS uses the acronym ________ to describe hierarchy of decision making.

Answer 40

``` P-O-S-T Priorities Objectives Strategies Tactics p 72 ```

Question 41

POST: P- __________. Regardless of the size or complexity of an event or incident, the fundamental __________ remain constant: life safety, stability and property conservation O- __________. Broad descriptions or statements of the desired outcomes of actions to achieve consistency with priorities S- __________. Action processes by which objective are met. T- ________. Specific activities that are implemented to achieve the identified strategies.

Answer 41

Priorities / priorities Objectives Strategies Tactics p 72

Question 42

Six broad HM/WMD objectives: | 2. ____________ - The process of contacting appropriate authorities or resources.

Answer 42

Notification p 72

Question 43

Six broad HM/WMD objectives: | 3. _____________ - An assessment of the hazards of the scene by performing a complete site characterization.

Answer 43

Identification p 73

Question 44

3. Identification In a chemical emergency you may only need to identify the basics to assess the hazard ( _______, ________, or _____ )

Answer 44

solid, liquid, or gas p 73

Question 45

3. Identification: An intentional event requires an increased awareness that responders are ________. Situational awareness is essential when operating at a _________ event.

Answer 45

targets / CBRNE p 73

Question 46

Six broad HM/WMD objectives: | 4. __________ - Implement strategies that limit the potential for harm to responders and the public.

Answer 46

Protection p 73

Question 47

Protective measures can be extremely _________ _________ and often require personnel with specialized training.

Answer 47

resource intensive p 73

Question 48

Six broad HM/WMD objectives: 5. __________: a. _______ Control - Act of confining a product to a given area once it has left its container.

Answer 48

Control / Spill p 74

Question 49

5. Control a. Spill Control It is the process by which the spread of product through the ____________ is controlled, limited or completely stopped. Confinement and the prevention of further ______________ is the main priority of this objective.

Answer 49

environment / contamination p 74

Question 50

5. Control b. _______ Control - Process by which a breach of failure of the container is either directly or indirectly controlled.

Answer 50

Leak p 74

Question 51

Leak control is usually considered an __________ operation and normally requires Hazardous Materials- ____________ level of training and appropriate protective equipment.

Answer 51

offensive / Technician p 74

Question 52

5. Control c. _______ Control - The IC must identify methods to minimize the potential impact of a fire, whether it is currently working or a realistic threat.

Answer 52

Fire p 74

Question 53

5. Control | d. _________ ________ Control - Implement measures to preserve evidence and process the _______ scene.

Answer 53

Crime Scene / crime p 75

Question 54

5. Control e. _____________ _________ Control - Implement strategies to render safe all devices while staying focused on our incident priorities.

Answer 54

Hazardous Device p 75

Question 55

e. Hazardous Device Control This control objective may be necessary in an ____________ event.

Answer 55

intentional p 75

Question 56

5. Control | f. ______________ Control - Implement strategies to neutralize the threat from any on-scene _____________.

Answer 56

Perpetrator / perpetrator p 75

Question 57

Six broad HM/WMD objectives: 6. _____________ - Conclude your agencies responsibility by transfer of information to the incident commander through your representative within Unified Command.

Answer 57

Termination p 75

Question 58

If your incident objectives are completed, you can focus your efforts on ___________ of your response personnel and placing resources back in __________.

Answer 58

debriefing / service p 75

Question 59

______________ objectives incorporates such actions as releasing mutual aid resources, returning units to pre-incident status, replenishment of supplies and equipment and turning over the incident scene to the appropriate regulatory agency or contractor to ensure that ______________ cleanup is accomplished.

Answer 59

Termination / environmental p 75

Question 60

_____________ also includes documenting the incident relative to personnel, units, incident operations, critique, and evolution forms.

Answer 60

Termination p 75

Question 61

Objectives that cannot be completed safely with the resources and level of training on scene should be ?

Answer 61

delayed until properly trained and equipped personnel arrive p 75

Question 62

When objectives are applied they should be done in a logical ________ of ___________ and ensure responder's _________.

Answer 62

order of progression / safety p 76

Question 63

Contractor Response: The responsibility of product removal or transfer will be that of the _________ or the _________.

Answer 63

carrier or shipper p 76

Question 64

Contractor response: Contractors are required to meet all the _______/__________ requirements in order to work on site.

Answer 64

OSHA/HAZWOPER p 76

Question 65

Contractor response: Once the contractor arrives on site, the project manager or supervisor should be incorporated into the __________ ___________ so that all actions of the contractor are coordinated through the IC.

Answer 65

Unified Command p 76

Question 66

The fire department having ____________ should notify the shipper or carrier as soon as possible. This can be done through ____________ or by way of the emergency contact phone number on the ___________ _________.

Answer 66

jurisdiction / CHEMTREC / shipping papers p 76

Question 67

Responders should obtain an _______ or other technical information on the chemical as part of the identification process.

Answer 67

MSDS p 76

Question 68

IC duties: Arrive at the scene - 3. Position your vehicle _______ ______ and not too close to the event, and if possible use your vehicle to help _________ the incident.

Answer 68

away from / isolate p 76

Question 69

IC duties: Arrive at scene - 6. Establish formal Command, ________, ________ and ________.

Answer 69

verbally, visually and firmly p 76

Question 70

IC duties: Assess the scene- 3. Conduct a _________ and ______ assessment.

Answer 70

hazard and risk p 77

Question 71

IC duties: Develop an action plan- 1. After completing the hazard and risk assessment, hold a planning meeting to develop incident _________ and _________ based on the site ________ plan.

Answer 71

objectives and strategies / safety p 77

Question 72

IC duties: Develop an action plan- 2. Develop an ______ 3. Develop alternative plans for __________ events

Answer 72

IAP / unseen p 77

Question 73

IC duties: | 5 A's ?

Answer 73

* Arrive - Arrive at the scene * Assess - Assess the scene * Action Plan - Develop an action plan * Assign - Assign personnel to * Adjust - Adjust operations as necessary p 76-77

Question 74

The IC must resist the urge to become involved in ________ level management or ______. Rather, the IC must rely on subordinate officers to implement the ________.

Answer 74

tactical / tasks / tactics p 78

Question 75

While the IC may identify strategies and tactics for their objectives, they are usually better managed at the ____________ _________ level using properly trained and protected personnel to accomplish the tasks.

Answer 75

Operations Section p 79

Question 76

The following four functional positions of the Hazardous Materials Group require a high degree of control and close supervision: * ______ _______ Leader - Supervises all companies and personnel operating in the Exclusion/Hot Zone. * ______________ ______ Leader - Supervises all operations in the Contamination Reduction/Warm Zone. * ___________ Specialist/ ___________ __________ Reference - Responsible for identifying the product, determining chemical and physical properties of the material, and selecting appropriate personal equipment and clothing compatible with the hazard present. * ______ _______ ________ Unit Leader - Controls all movement of personnel and equipment between the control zones.

Answer 76

* Entry Unit * Decontamination Unit * Technical / Hazardous Materials * Site Access Control p 79

Question 77

The Hazardous Materials Group is assigned to the ___________ _________.

Answer 77

Operations Section p 81

Question 78

The HM Group Supervisor is responsible for the following: * Directing the _________ ___________ of the HM Group * Implementing the phases of the _______ dealing with the HM Group * Assigning the ___________ within the HM Group * Reporting on the progress of ________ operations and the status of ___________ within the HM Group

Answer 78

* overall operation * IAP * resources * control / resources p 81

Question 79

Qualifications The HM Group Supervisor must have a through knowledge of the following: * ________-________ requirements * ____________ procedures * _______ analysis * ________ considerations relating to hazardous materials incident management At a minimum this person should be a ?

Answer 79

* Agency-specific * Operational * Risk * Safety Hazardous Materials Technician p 81

Question 80

Major responsibilities of HM group supervisor: A. _______ ____ and obtain briefing from the IC, Ops Section Chief or Branch Director B. Ensure the development of ________ Zones and ________ _________ Points and the placement of appropriate control lines. C. Evaluate and recommend ________ ___________ action options to the IC, Ops Sect Chief or Branch Director

Answer 80

A. Check-in B. Control / Access Control C. public protection p 81-82

Question 81

Major responsibilities of HM Group Supervisor D. Ensure that current _________ data and future __________ predictions are obtained. E. Establish ______________ monitoring of the hazard site for contaminants and identify _______ conditions. F. Ensure that a written ______ ________ plan is developed and implemented. G. Ensure that a written ______ _______________ plan is developed and implemented.

Answer 81

D. weather / weather E. environmental / IDLH F. site safety G. site characterization p 82

Question 82

Major responsibilities of HM group supervisor: H. Ensure that the site safety plan and the IAP concur with the _____________ __________ plan. I. Conduct a __________ briefing with the HM Group. J. Participate when requested, in the development of the ______. K. Ensure that recommended ______ ____________ procedures are followed in accordance with the employers emergency response plan.

Answer 82

H. emergency response I. safety J. IAP K. safe operational p 83

Question 83

Major responsibilities of HM group supervisor: L. Ensure that proper __________ ____________ ___________ and __________ are selected and used. M. Ensure that appropriate _________ are notified through the IC. N. Maintain ______/_________ Log

Answer 83

L. personal protective clothing and equipment M. agencies N. Unit/Activity Log p 83-84

Question 84

HM Entry Unit Leader: The Entry Leader is responsible for all activities taking place in the ___________ of _____ Zone, including _________ team entries, _________ entries, and ______-____________ entries.

Answer 84

Exclusion or Hot / multiple / repeated / multi-jurisdictional p 84

Question 85

At a minimum the HM Entry Unit Leader should be trained as a ?

Answer 85

Hazardous Materials Technician p 84

Question 86

The Decon Unit Leader is responsible for all activities taking place in the area designated as the ______________ Reduction / ______ Zone and coordinates with the ______ _________ Area Manager.

Answer 86

Contamination / Warm / Safe Refuge p 87

Question 87

The Decon Unit Leader is responsible for the decontamination of persons and equipment that leave the _________ or ______ Zone and the maintenance of _________ for the decontamination element.

Answer 87

Exclusion or Hot Zone / records p 87

Question 88

At a minimum the Decon Unit Leader should be a ?

Answer 88

Hazardous Materials Technician p 87

Question 89

The Site Access Control Unit Leader is responsible for the control of the movement of all people and equipment through appropriate ________ _______ at the hazard site.

Answer 89

access routes p 90

Question 90

This position ensures that the spread of contaminates is controlled and that records are maintained ?

Answer 90

HM Site Access Control Unit Leader p 90

Question 91

The Site Access Control Unit Leader must have the minimum equivalent __________ and ___________ as mandated by federal, state, and local laws.

Answer 91

training and expertise p 90

Question 92

The Assistant Safety Officer - Hazardous Materials reports directly to the _________ _________ Officer.

Answer 92

Incident safety officer p 92

Question 93

This position is responsible for the overall safety of assigned personnel within the Hazardous Materials Group ?

Answer 93

Assistant Safety Officer - HM p 92

Question 94

In an incident involving multiple emergency activities, the Assistant Safety Officer - HM does not act as the ________ _________ for the overall incident.

Answer 94

Safety Officer p 92

Question 95

It is necessary that an Assistant Safety Officer - HM be appointed at ?

Answer 95

all hazardous materials incidents p 92

Question 96

This position advises the HM Branch Group Supervisor or HM Brach Director on all aspects of health and safety and has the authority to stop or prevent unsafe acts ?

Answer 96

Assistant Safety Officer - HM p 93

Question 97

It is imperative that the Assistant Safety Officer - HM be knowledgeable in the operations being implemented as mandated by ____________ and possess a high degree of knowledge in hazardous materials incident operations. It is recommended that this person should be a ?

Answer 97

OSHA 1910.120 / Hazardous Materials Technician p 93

Question 98

The Technical Specialist-HM Reference reports to the ?

Answer 98

HM Group Supervisor p 95

Question 99

This position is responsible for providing technical information and assistance to the HM Group and Planning Section using various sources such as computer databases, technical journals, public and private technical information agencies, facility representatives, and product specialist ?

Answer 99

Technical Specialist - Hazardous Materials Reference p 95

Question 100

The ______ ________ _______ Manager reports to the Site Access Control Leader and coordinates with the Decontamination Unit Leader and the Entry Unit Leader.

Answer 100

HM Safe Refuge Area Manger p 98

Question 101

This position is responsible for evaluating and prioritizing victims for treatment, collecting information from the victims, and preventing the spread of contamination by these victims ?

Answer 101

HM Safe Refuge Area Manager p 98

Question 102

The Safe Refuge Area is located in the ?

Answer 102

Contamination Reduction / Warm Zone immediately adjacent to the Exclusion Control Line / Hot Zone p 98

Question 103

The Safe Refuge Area Manager operates near the ?

Answer 103

Contamination Reduction Zone p 98

Question 104

The Safe Refuge Area Manager is part of the ?

Answer 104

Site Access Control function p 98

Question 105

It is recommended that this person should be a Hazmat Tech. It is also recommended that the person in this position also have a medical background and/or be familiar with triage ?

Answer 105

HM Safe Refuge Area Manager p 99

Question 106

There are two outside agencies that will assist fire/medical on almost every incident: ?

Answer 106

law enforcement and environmental protection/public health agencies p 100

Question 107

The primary focus of the EPA during a HM/WMD event is limiting the damage done to the _____________ and enforcement of __________ ____________ regulations.

Answer 107

environment / federal environment p 101

Question 108

There are two outside agencies that will assist fire/medical on almost every incident: ?

Answer 108

law enforcement and environmental protection/public health agencies p 100

Question 109

The primary focus of the EPA during a HM/WMD event is limiting the damage done to the _____________ and enforcement of __________ ____________ regulations.

Answer 109

environment / federal environment p 101

Question 110

Some functional responsibilities the EPA may handle are: - Oversight of ___________ - Access to ________ _________ to assist with costs - Access to __________ to help with large incidents

Answer 110

- cleanup - federal funding - resources p 101

Question 111

These teams were established to rapidly assist a local IC in determining the nature and extent of a WMD event. One or more teams cover all geographic areas within the United States ?

Answer 111

WMD Civil Support Teams (CST) p 101