Pharmacology > Sedatives & Hypnotics > Flashcards

Sedatives & Hypnotics Flashcards

(51 cards)

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1
Q

Ok, so what’s the difference between a sedative, a hypnotic, and a general anesthetic?

A

Sedative: Anxiolytic (“inhibit anxiety) – but ideally with minimal effect on motor or mental functions. Hypnotic: Induce sleep (with a much more pronounced CNS depression than sedatives). General Anesthetic: Induce reversible coma – Hypnosis, Amnesia, Analgesia, Muscle relaxation, Attenuation of autonomic reflexes.

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2
Q

Benzodiazepines?

A

Diazepam, Chordiazepoxide, Lorazepam, Flurazepam, Alprazolam, Midrazolam, Triazolam

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3
Q

Diazepam class?

A

Benzodiazepine

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4
Q

Chlordiazepoxide class?

A

Benzodiazepine

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5
Q

Lorazepam class?

A

Benzodiazepine

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6
Q

Flurazepam class?

A

Benzodiazepine

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7
Q

Alprazolam class?

A

Benzodiazepine

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8
Q

Midrazolam class?

A

Benzodiazepine

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9
Q

Triazolam class?

A

Benzodiazepine

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10
Q

Benzodiazepine mxn?

A

GABAa agonist: bind between a1 & y2 subunits.

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11
Q

Diazepam half-life? Active mets for?

A

43 hrs, 100 hrs

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12
Q

Diazepam for?

A

Depression, Bipolar, Anticonvulsant, Muscle relaxant

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13
Q

Chlordiazepoxide half life? Active mets for?

A

10 hrs, 100 hrs

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14
Q

Chlordiazepoxide for?

A

Depression, Bipolar

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15
Q

Lorazepam half life?

A

14 hrs

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16
Q

Lorazepam for?

A

Depression, Bipolar, Sedation, Anticonvulsant, Prevent w/drawal in alcoholics

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17
Q

Flurazepam half life? Active mets for?

A

74 hrs, 100 hrs

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18
Q

Flurazepam for?

A

Depression, Bipolar

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19
Q

Alprazolam half life?

A

12 hrs

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20
Q

Alprazolam for?

A

Depression, Bipolar Sedation

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21
Q

Midazolam half life?

22
Q

Midazolam for?

Study These Flashcards
A

Anesthesia (calms, anterograde amnesia)

23
Q

Triazolam half life?

24
Q

Triazolam for?

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A

Depression, Bipolar, Sleep

25
Benzodiazepine side effects?
Daytime sedation, drowsiness, anterograde amnesia, synergistic/additive CNS depression with other drugs (but remember the "ceiling effect"), psychologic & physiologic dependence with chronic use
26
Use of sedative-hypnotics?
Induce sleep, anxiolysis (GAD, panic disorders, OCD, phobias), muscle relaxation, anticonculsant, pre-anesthetic, recreation
27
Zolpidem class?
Non-benzodiazepine receptor agonist -- BDZ-1 selective agonist
28
Zolpidem for?
Sedation and hypnosis WITHOUT muscle relaxation or anticonvulsant activity
29
Zolpidem side effects?
Sleep-walking, next morning impairment (still, generally short half-life, so little hang over)
30
Flumazenil class?
Benzodiazepine antagonist: Competitive non-selective antagonist
31
Flumazenil use?
Benzodiazepine overdose
32
Flumazenil side effect?
Withdrawal (may be life threatening), seizures in mixed overdoses
33
Barbiturates?
Thiopental & Phenobarbital
34
Barbiturate mxn?
GABAa agonists
35
Thiopentinal for?
Induce anasthesia
36
Phenobarbital for?
Antiepileptic, anticonvulsant
37
Barbiturate side effects?
Daytime sedation and drowsiness, dose-dependent depression of CNS, psychologic and physiologic dependence (chronic use), significant P450 enzyme induction,
38
Why cant other barbiturates be used for hypnosis?
Half-lifes are too long: they will accumulate during repetitive administration (hence the preferred use of benzodiazepienes)
39
Buspirone mxn?
Partial agonist at 5HT1A receptors, NO interaction with GABAa
40
Buspirone for?
Anxiolytic WITHOUT marked sedation (euphoric, hypnotic, anticonvulsant, muscle relaxant)
41
Benzos for sedation?
Lorazepam, Alprazolam
42
Benzos for sleep?
Triazolam, Zolpidem (pseudo-benzo)
43
Benzos for anesthesia? What else can be used?
Midazolam (+ calming, anterograde amnesia). For induction, thiopental (barbiturate) is used.
44
Benzos for anticonvulsion? What else can be used?
Lorazepam, Diazepam. Phenobarbital (barbiturate) can also be used.
45
Benzo for muscle relaxation?
Diazepam
46
Depression tx?
Antidepressants for long term, Benzos for short term immediacy if needed
47
Acute anxiety tx?
Benzos
48
GAD?
SSRIs are first line, then buspirone & benzos
49
Panic disorder tx?
SSRIs, benzos
50
OCD tx?
SSRIs
51
PTSD tx?
Various antidepressants
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