Self-Concept

Question 1

what is self-concept

Answer 1

self concept is how an individual view themself.

• it involes the consious and unconsious thought process, adaptive development and cultural idenity, coping styles, attitudes and perceptions
• based on one’s self-concept, their health status can be influenced

Question 2

formation of self-concept

Answer 2

• Self concept evolves throughout life and depends to an extent on an individual’s developmental level.
• Infant learns physical self different from environment.
• If basic needs are met, child has positive feelings of self.
• Child internalizes other people’s attitudes toward self.
• Child or adult internalizes standards of society.

Question 3

factors influencing the development of self-esteem

Answer 3

• Sense of Competency
• Perceived reactions of others to one’s body
• Ongoing perceptions and interpretations of the thoughts and feelings of others
• Personal and professional relationships
• Academic and employment-related identity
• Personality characteristics that affect self-expectations
• Perceptions of events that have an impact on self
• Socioeconomic status
• Mastery of prior and new experiences
• Cultural Identity

Question 4

factors influencing the development of self-esteem

Answer 4

• Sense of Competency
• Perceived reactions of others to one’s body
• Ongoing perceptions and interpretations of the thoughts and feelings of others
• Personal and professional relationships
• Academic and employment-related identity
• Personality characteristics that affect self-expectations
• Perceptions of events that have an impact on self
• Socioeconomic status
• Mastery of prior and new experiences
• Cultural Identity

Question 5

trust vs mistrust

birth to 18 months

Answer 5

• Develops trust following consistency in caregiving and nurturing interactions
• Distinguishes self from environment

Question 6

Autonomy vs shame and doubt

18-24 mo to 3 yrs

Answer 6

• Begins to communicate likes and dislikes
• Increasingly independent in thoughts and actions
• Appreciates body appearance and function (e.g., dressing, feeding, talking, and walking)

Question 7

Initiative versus Guilt
(3 to 5 Years)

Answer 7

• Identifies with a gender
• Enhances self-awareness
• Increases language skills, including identification of feelings

Question 8

Industry versus Inferiority
(6 to 11 Years)

Answer 8

• Incorporates feedback from peers and teachers
• Increases self-esteem with new skill mastery (e.g., reading, mathematics, sports, music)
• Aware of strengths and limitations

Question 9

Identity versus Role Confusion (12 to 18 Years)

Answer 9

• Accepts body changes/maturation
• Examines attitudes, values, and beliefs; establishes goals for the future
• Feels positive about expanded sense of self

Question 10

Intimacy versus Isolation
(Late Teens to Mid-40s)

Answer 10

• Has stable, positive feelings about self
• Experiences successful role transitions and increased responsibilities

Question 11

Generativity versus Self-Absorption
(Mid-40s to Mid-60s)

Answer 11

• Able to accept changes in appearance and physical endurance
• Reassesses life goals
• Shows contentment with aging

Question 12

Ego Integrity versus Despair (Mid-Late 60s to Death)

Answer 12

• Feels positive about life and its meaning
• Interested in providing a legacy for the next generation

Question 13

Factors influencing Self-Concept

Answer 13

Identity Stressors

• adolescents are particularly vulnerable adjusting to physical, emotional, and mental changes of increasing maturity.

Identity confusion

• when people do not maintain a clear, consistent and continuous consciousness of personal identity. Inability to adapt to identity stressors.

Body Image Stressors

• change in appearance, structure, or function of a body part are stressors that require a body image adjustment.
• i.e. Amputation, disfigurement, mastectomy, pregnancy weight gain, cancer treatment hair loss

*Role performance Stressors

• Role changes cause stress (marriage, parenthood, divorce, job change)

Role conflict simultaneously assuming two or more roles

• Sick role– expectations of others regarding how an individual behaves when sick

*Role ambiguity – unclear role expectations, making a person unsure, stressed and confused

• Role strain – combines role conflict and role ambiguity, feeling frustrated when inadequate or unsuited to a role
  Role overload – having more roles or responsibilities within a role than are manageable

Self-Esteem Stressors – Individuals with high self-esteem generally are more resilient and better able to cope with demands and stressors than those with low self-esteem.

Decreased self-worth, depression, anxiety, negative self-efficacy

Question 14

Nurses Effect on Patient’s Self-Concept

Answer 14

• Acceptance of patient how they are
• Self awareness – non-verbal responses, facial expressions
• Positive, matter of fact approach
• Trusting nurse-patient relationship

Question 15

nursing process assessment

Answer 15

• Direct questioning
• Observing non-verbal behaviors
• Pay attention to the content of patient’s conversation
• Assess environmental factors
• Assess Coping behaviors
• Assess resources – significant others

Question 16

Behaviors suggestive of altered self-concept

Answer 16

• avoidance of eye contact
• excessively dependent slumped posture
• hesisitant to express views or opinions
• unkept appearance, lack of interest in what is happening
• overly apologetic,, passive attitude
• hesitant speech
• dificulty making decisions
• overly critical or angry
• self-harm behavior
• frequent or inappropriate crying// negative self- evaluations

Question 17

nursing proces// nursing diagnosis

Answer 17

• analyze assessment findings or cues
• validate nursing diagnosis by sharing observations with pt and allowing pt to verify perceptions

EX… distrubed personal identity
impaired role performance
situational low self-esteem
chronic low self-esteem

Question 18

nursing process- Planning and outcomes identification

Answer 18

1. use critical thinking to synthesize assessment data & prioritize nursing diagnosis
2. develop care plan//concept map
3. set priorities
4. show relationship between nursing diagnosis and interventions
5. development outcomes that are achievable and measurable
6. include other team memebers in the treatmet if needed

Question 19

Nursing process-Interventions

Answer 19

• strong communication skills and therapeutic nurse-patient relationship
• Health promotion
• helps develop healthy lifesyle and behaviors
  acute care
• illness or trauma are threats to self-concept
• interventions for adaptation
• restorative and continuing care
• reframing thoughts and feelings in a positive way
• increase self-awareness & apply coping mechanisms

Question 20

Nursing process-Evaluation

Answer 20

-frequent and complete evaluation will assist in determining the effectiveness of the nursing interventions for improving self-concept
- collaborate with the patient the family whether expectations were met
- displaying positive self-concept behaviors
- reduces stressors
- more adaptive behaviors

Question 21

response to deformity or limitation

Answer 21

adaptive response: patient exhibis signs of grief and mourning

Maladaptive response
- patient continues to deny and to avoid dealing with the deformity or limitation, engages in self-destructive behavior, talks about feelings of worthlessness or insecurity, equates deformity or limitation with whole person, shows a change in ability to estimate relationship of body to environment

Question 22

response to independenence- Dependence patterns

Answer 22

Adaptive responses:
* patient assumes responsibility for care (makes decisions), develops new self-care behaviors, uses available resources, interacts in a mutually supportive way with family

Maladaptive responsives
* patient assigns responsibility for his or her care to others, becomes increasingly dependent, or stubbornly refuses necessary help

Question 23

Response to socialization and communication

Answer 23

adaptive responses: maintains usual social patterns, communicates needs and accepts offers to help, serves as support for others

Maladaptive response: isolates self, exhibits superficial self-confidence, is unable to express needs (becomes hostile ashamed, frustrated, depressed)