Self Reports

Question 1

Define Questionnaires

Answer 1

• List of Questions Answered by Participants
• Developed to Gather Data
• Quick to Answer

Question 2

PROs of Questionnaires

Answer 2

• Large Samples
  > more representative of diversity
  > generalisable
• Reliable, Easy to Manage
• Ethical

Question 3

CONs of Questionnaires

Answer 3

• Low Validity
• Socially Desirable Responses
• Difficult to avoid Demand Characteristics

Question 4

Closed questions

Answer 4

• Select List of Options
• Manageable by Computer

Question 5

Open questions

Answer 5

• Written, More Detailed Response (still short)
• Cannot be Managed by Computer

Question 6

Likert Scale questions

Answer 6

• Strongly Disagree -> Strongly Agree, 1-7 (ATTITUDE) - Response to Statement
• Manageable by Computer

Question 7

Semantic Differential questions (SD-Qs)

Answer 7

• MULTIPLE Scales below Question, Opposites at each end
• Measures Opinions on the Subject

Question 8

Attitude/Rating Scale questions

Answer 8

1 - 10 Scale, response to statement

Question 9

PROs of Likert Scales

Answer 9

• Easy to swap positive to negative statements
• Quantitative data, easier to analyse
• Reliable

Question 10

CONs of Likert Scales

Answer 10

• Tendency to respond towards middle of scale
• Social Desirability
• Lack in-depth detail

Question 11

Split-Half test method
(Internal)

Answer 11

• Tests Internal Reliability
• Correlating the Results of Half the Items against the Other Half
• If the Correlation has a High and Positive Coefficient, then Internal Reliability is High

Question 12

Test-Retest test method
(External)

Answer 12

• Correlating the results from one time to another
• If the Correlation has a High and Positive Coefficient, then External Reliability is High.

Question 13

How do you Increase Reliability for Questionnaires?

Answer 13

Large Sample, completed in Same Conditions, Same Questionnaire

Question 14

Are Questionnaires Ethical?

Answer 14

Yes (excellent flashcard)

Question 15

Smokescreen question

Answer 15

A Question with no clear purpose

Question 16

Response Rate

Answer 16

Percentage of People who Respond to the Questionnaire

Question 17

Fixed Response

Answer 17

Reinforcement is Given After a Multi-Choice Question is Given

Question 18

Pilot Study

Answer 18

• A Small-Scale Trial Run of a Method
• Identify + Resolve Problems

Question 19

Structured Interview

Answer 19

• Pre-Planned Questions
• Responses Noted down

Question 20

Semi-Structured Interview

Answer 20

• Some Pre-Planned Questions
• Can lead off into Unplanned Questions

Question 21

Unstructured Interview

Answer 21

• All Unplanned Questions
• Based Around a Pre-Planned Topic

Question 22

PROs of Interviews

Answer 22

• Qualitative data
• High Validity: Rapport
• Interviewer can Explain Questions

Question 23

CONs of Interviews

Answer 23

• Researcher Bias
• Social Desirability
• Difficult to Analyse

Question 24

Rapport

Answer 24

Trust between Interviewer and Interviewee

Question 25

Define Self-Reports

Answer 25

any **Test**, **Measure**, or **Survey** of an Individual's own Report of their behaviors, beliefs, or attitudes.