Semi-Final Module 4

Question 1

Moral guide that helps us determine what is right, fair, and just when applying science and technology.

Branch of philosophy that studies moral principles.

Answer 1

Ethics

Question 2

Ethics comes from the Greek word ________, which means ______, _______, or _______.

Answer 2

Ethos

Character, custom, habit

Question 3

The standards that help people
determine what is right or wrong, good or bad, just or unjust in human actions.

Answer 3

Moral principles

Question 4

Refers to the actual beliefs and practices about right and wrong held by individuals or societies.

Answer 4

Morality

Question 5

Rules created by the government to maintain order and protect citizens.

Answer 5

Laws

Question 6

6 Importance of Ethics in Science and Technology

Answer 6

1. Promoting Responsibility and Accountability
2. Protecting Human Rights and Dignity
3. Preventing Misuse of Scientific Knowledge
4. Maintaining Honesty and Integrity in Research
5. Building Public Trust
6. Guiding Innovation Toward Sustainability

Question 7

IMPORTANCE OF ETHICS IN S&T:

Ethics reminds scientists, inventors, and technologists that their discoveries and inventions have
consequences.

Every new technology, experiment, or product affects people’s lives in some way. Therefore, they must act responsibly and be accountable for the outcomes of their work.

Answer 7

Promoting Responsibility and Accountability

Question 8

IMPORTANCE OF ETHICS IN S&T:

Ethics ensures that scientific and technological progress never comes at the cost of human
dignity.

Every person has the right to safety, privacy, and fairness.

Answer 8

Protecting Human Rights and Dignity

Question 9

IMPORTANCE OF ETHICS IN S&T:

Scientific discoveries are neutral — they can be used for good or for harm.

Ethics guides us to use them wisely.

Answer 9

Preventing Misuse of Scientific Knowledge

Question 10

IMPORTANCE OF ETHICS IN S&T:

Science is built on truth.

Researchers are expected to report accurate results and never
manipulate data to gain fame or funding.

When scientists act dishonestly, it not only ruins their reputation but also destroys public trust in science.

Answer 10

Maintaining Honesty and Integrity in Research

Question 11

IMPORTANCE OF ETHICS IN S&T:

People are more likely to support and believe in science and technology when they see that
professionals act ethically.

Answer 11

Building Public Trust

Question 12

IMPORTANCE OF ETHICS IN S&T:

Ethical science and technology aim for sustainable development.

Answer 12

Guiding Innovation Toward Sustainability

Question 13

Progress that meets present
needs without harming future generations.

Answer 13

Sustainable development

Question 14

10 Ethical Principles in Scientific Research and Technology

Answer 14

1. Honesty and Integrity
2. Objectivity
3. Respect for Human Rights and Dignity
4. Responsibility Toward the Environment
5. Beneficence and Non-Maleficence
6. Justice and Fairness
7. Transparency and Accountability
8. Respect for Intellectual Property and Collaboration
9. Social Responsibility
10. Professional Competence and Continuous Learning

Question 15

These principles ensure that scientific progress respects human life, protects the environment, and benefits society

Answer 15

Ethical principles

Question 16

Heart of ethical research.

Scientists and technologists must tell the truth, report data accurately, and avoid any form of deception.

Answer 16

Honesty

Question 17

Means doing the right thing even when no one is watching — staying true to one’s professional and moral values.

Answer 17

Integrity

Question 18

In HONESTY and INTEGRITY researchers must: (3)

Answer 18

• Report results truthfully
• Avoid fabrication and falsification
• Give proper credit

Question 19

Making up data

Answer 19

Fabrication

Question 20

Changing or omitting data.

Answer 20

Falsification

Question 21

Science must be free from bias and personal interest.

Researchers should base their
conclusions on evidence and facts, not on personal beliefs, emotions, or external pressures such as money or fame.

Answer 21

Objectivity

Question 22

Objectivity ensures that scientific knowledge remains ______ and ______.

Answer 22

Neutral and Reliable

Question 23

In Objectivity, researchers must:

Answer 23

• Avoid being influenced by sponsors, politics, or personal relationships.
• Evaluate data fairly and use proper scientific methods.
• Disclose any conflict of interest

Question 24

Scientific research must always value human life and respect every person’s rights.

No one should be treated as a mere test subject or tool for discovery.

Answer 24

Respect for Human Rights and Dignity

Question 25

Respect for Human Rights and Dignity includes: (3)

Answer 25

• Informed consent • Confidentiality • Protection from harm

Question 26

Participants must fully understand the purpose, risks, and benefits of the research before agreeing to join.

Answer 26

Informed consent

Question 27

Personal information gathered from participants must be kept private.

Answer 27

Confidentiality

Question 28

Researchers must ensure that no one is physically, emotionally, or psychologically hurt during the study.

Answer 28

Protection from harm

Question 29

Science and technology have powerful effects on nature. Ethical researchers must protect the environment and use resources wisely.

Answer 29

Responsibility Toward the Environment

Question 30

Responsibility towards the environment includes: (3)

Answer 30

• Minimizing pollution and waste in laboratories and industries. • Avoiding experiments or technologies that harm ecosystems or wildlife. • Supporting sustainable practices that preserve natural resources for future generations

Question 31

These two principles mean “doing good” and “avoiding harm.” Every scientific or technological project should aim to benefit people and prevent unnecessary harm to individuals, communities, or the environment.

Answer 31

Beneficence and Non-Maleficence

Question 32

Encourages scientists to use their knowledge to improve human well-being, such as creating life-saving medicines or clean energy.

Answer 32

Beneficence

Question 33

Reminds them to consider possible risks and ensure that their work does not cause suffering or destruction.

Answer 33

Non-maleficence

Question 34

Ethical science promotes fairness and equality. All people should have equal access to the benefits of scientific progress and should not be exploited for experiments or profit.

Answer 34

Justice and Fairness

Question 35

Justice ensures that: (3)

Answer 35

• No group or individual is unfairly burdened or excluded. • Resources, risks, and benefits are distributed fairly. • Research participants are chosen based on scientific need, not race, class, or status

Question 36

Scientists must be open about their methods, results, and funding sources so that others can verify or repeat their work.

Answer 36

Transparency and Accountability

Question 37

Being willing to take responsibility for their actions and decisions.

Answer 37

Accountable

Question 38

Ethical science values original ideas and teamwork. Researchers must respect the intellectual property of others by properly citing sources, acknowledging co-authors, and not stealing or copying another person’s work.

Answer 38

Respect for Intellectual Property and Collaboration

Question 39

Scientists and technologists have a duty to use their knowledge for the benefit of society. Their inventions and discoveries should promote human welfare, not harm. They must think about the social, cultural, and ethical implications of their work before applying it.

Answer 39

Social Responsibility

Question 40

Ethical responsibility also includes maintaining professional competence. Science and technology evolve rapidly, and professionals must continue learning to ensure that their work remains accurate, safe, and effective.

Answer 40

Professional Competence and Continuous Learning

Question 41

Keeping one’s knowledge and skills up to date.

Answer 41

Professional competence