1
Q
Neurons
A
- recieve and transmit info
- electromagnetic activity
2
Q
How are stimuli from environment represented via neuronal activity in the nervous system?
A
- vision-occipital lobe
- Hubel and Wiesel
3
Q
Specificity Coding
A
- a person’s face is represented by one neuron, which fires to that face ONLY
4
Q
Distributed Coding
A
- a person’s face is represented by a group of neurons
5
Q
Frontal Lobe
A
- higher level functioning
- planning
- speech
6
Q
Temporal
A
- language comprehension
- memory recognition
- object recognition
7
Q
Parietal
A
- attention
- spatial processing
8
Q
Stripe-rearing kittens experiment
A
- born and put into 2 different groups (experimental vs control)
- experimental condition is room with vertical stripes only
- control is normal environment
- in test phase, control kittens react to all angled stripes
- experimental react on mostly only vertical stripes
- EXPERIENCE IS CRITICAL TO DEVELOPMENT
9
Q
Experience-dependence plasticity in humans
A
- fusiform face area (temporal)
- Ps shown greebles and were ttrained in greeble recognition
- then performed name verification task while activity in FFA was measured and compared before and after training
- before= more activation for faces
- after= similar activation for both
- YES we can alter the response of neurons in FFA
10
Q
Pupil
A
controls amount of light that enters our eyes
11
Q
Name some primary receptor cells
A
- ganglion cells, bipolar cells, rods, cones
12
Q
Rods
A
- responsible for peripheral vision
- 130 million
- black and white vision
- outside of fovea
- sesitive to all wavelengths
13
Q
Cones
A
- foveal vision
- 7 million
- in center of retina
- color vision
- visual acuity
14
Q
Bipolar cells
A
- relay stations
- communicate message from cones and rods to ganglion cells
15
Q
Ganglion cells
A
- transmit info from bipolar cells to rest of brain
- via optic nerve
- 800,000 in each eye
16
Q
Lateral Geniculate Nucleus
A
- object recognition
17
Q
Superior Colliculous
A
- locating objects in space
18
Q
Where pathway
A
PARIETAL
19
Q
What pathway
A
- TEMPORAL
20
Q
Why does the brain recieve a partially “summarized” record of the original stimulus
A
- light travels through the vitreous humour and becomes scattered
- only a small portion of primary receptors have their own private “pipeline” to the brain
- each eye has a lind spot (no rods or cones)
21
Q
Template Matching Theory
A
- a visual stimulus is compared to specific templates in memory
- identiy is determined by which template has the most overlap
22
Q
What’s wrong with the template matching theory?
A
- how can we recognize things with so much variability?
- realistically we would need to learn and store a huge number of templates in memory
- this would be very time consuming and impractical!
23
Q
Template Matching with Machines
A
- UPS created the first machine to read handwritten addresses
- it reject 85% of the envelopes
24
Q
Feature Analysis Theories
A
- takes into account specific combos of basic features
- pandemonium
- recognition by components
25
Pandemonium
* mental demon shouts up towards higher stages
* image demon
* feature demon
* cognitive demon
* decision demon
* shouts=mental activity/recognition
26
Image demon
* detects a neural signal from sensory cells up 1 layer to feature demons
27
feature demons
* 28 demons
* each compares itself to info from the stage beneath
* if it matches it will shout because its present in the stimulus
28
Cognitive demons
* shout the ludest and hears the most shouting from feature demons
29
decision demon
* identifies the pattern by hearing which cognitive demon shouts the loudest
30
Recognition by components theory
* simple combos of basic features
* 3d shapes = geons
* paired visual stimuli with geons
* expect failure when geons are removed than when segments of geons are removed
* pattern of error depends on exposure time
* WEAKNESS- do not take into account the effect of context on pattern recognition
