what is distillation?
Distillation is a separation technique that uses evaporation and condensation to separate substances
what is density?
how tightly packed a substance is
what are the separation techniques?
Magnetic separation, Decanting, Flotation, Evaporation, Crystallisation
Filtration, Centrifuging, Distillation, Chromatography
what are the magnetic metals/substances?
iron, nickel, cobalt, tin
How + when can density be used in separation techniques?
Density is used in flotation and decanting. In flotation, the less dense substance floats to the top, and you scoop it out, while in decanting, the substance sinks, and you pour the water out to get it.
what is evaporation?
Evaporation is the process of a liquid will slowly turning into a gas even when it is not boiling
how can you separate a mixture using evaporation?
The mixture is heated and the liquid with the lower boiling point will evaporate first, leaving the other liquid behind.
how can you separate a mixture using crystallisation?
the solution is heated using a bunsen burner, so the solvent evaporates and the solute is crystallised
how and when can filtration separate mixtures?
Filtration can separate mixtures by separating the solute from the solvent with filter paper, which keeps the bigger particles (solute) and lets the liquid pass through (solvent)
how do you separate mixtures using distillation
Set up a still, let the mixture hea up, the substance with the lower boiling point will evaporate first, the vapours will go through the condenser, which makes it a liquid again, and then finally into another beaker
how does a condenser work?
A condenser moves cold water around the tube containing the vapor causing it to condense back into a liquid.
what is a chromatogram?
pattern of separated substances from chromatography
how do you separate mixtures using chromatography?
you put the mixture on a piece of absorbent paper, then dip it in water. it will separate and the most soluble substance will move the furthest.
what is magnetic separation?
separation using magnetic substances (iron, cobalt, nickel, tin)
how is flotation used?
it keeps the less dense substance, by foating and you scoop it up
how is decanting used?
it keeps the denser substance, and you pour out the water to get the substance
how is evaporation used?
it keeps the substance with the HIGHER boiling point
how is crystallisation used?
the solvent evaporates to keep the solute as a solid
how is filtration used?
Solution filtered, solute catches on filter, solvent passes through
how is centrifuging used?
the mixture is spun around fast, so the denser particles get pulled outwards, then settle
