Serotonin

Question 1

where does Serotonin produce

Answer 1

produced within the raphe nuclei,,, located along the midline of the brainstem

Question 2

how does Serotonin produce

Answer 2

page 3

Question 3

what is An important issue for receptor-specific pharmacological agents

Answer 3

There is substantial promiscuity among some xenobiotics that were
developed to target one neurotransmitter system

Question 4

what are some examples for the 5-HT 3 receptor and their uses

Answer 4

injection anaesthetics (pentobarbital, propofol)
- local anaesthetics (cocaine, lidocaine)
- opioid analgesics (morphine, hydromorphone)
- cannabinoids (Δ9-THC, anandamide)
- antipsychotics (chlorpromazine, clozapine)

Question 5

what are pharmaceuticals that target serotonin neurotransmission:

Answer 5

Antidepressants
2. Anti-migraine triptans
3. Antiemetics
4. Psychedelic drugs
- under investigation for psychiatric disorders

Question 6

what are The most prominent antidepressants

Answer 6

The most prominent antidepressants are selective serotonin reuptake
inhibitors (SSRIs) and serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors
(SNRIs).

Question 7

how does Ergotamine works

Answer 7

Very promiscuous (5-HT, DA, adrenergic alpha and beta receptors)
- Most preparations have been removed from the market
- Available as an injection or nasal spray

Question 8

how does Anti-migraine triptans work

Answer 8

• Agonists at 5-HT 1 receptors
• Treat acute migraine only
• 5-HT 1B constricts blood vessels
• 5-HT 1D inhibits trigeminal nerve (inhibits neuropeptide release,
  neurogenic inflammation, nociceptive signalling)

Question 9

how do Sumatriptan and Zolmitriptan work

Answer 9

Fairly selective for the 5-HT 1B and 5-HT 1D receptors
- Available as tablet, orally disintegrating tablet, subcutaneous
injection, nasal spray

Question 10

how does Antiemetics work

Answer 10

• Antagonists at 5-HT 3 receptors
• Enterochromaffin cells line the epithelium of the gastrointestinal tract
• If activated physically (e.g. matter within the tract) or chemically
  (e.g. chemotherapeutic), enterochromaffin cells release serotonin
• The “dose” matters here:
• a normal release of serotonin mediates peristaltic contraction
  of the intestinal smooth muscle.
• a larger release of serotonin activates 5-HT 3 receptors on
  vagal nerve endings, which activates the vomiting reflex

Question 11

give two example. for the Antiemetics

Answer 11

Ondansetron and Palonosetron