what is the role of the bones in the axial skeleton?
to protect the major organs
what is the role of the bones in the appendicular skeleton?
to create movement and produce/store minerals and blood cells
give 5 examples of the bones in the axial skeleton.
- cranium
- rib cage
- mandible
- sterum
- verterbral column
give 5 examples of the bones in the appendicular skeleton.
- femur
- ulna and radius
- phalanges
- carpals
- metacarpals
- tarsals
- metatarsals
- clavicle
- scapula
- humerus
- tibula and fibula
- pelvic girdle
what bones are in the vertebral column (in order)?
from the top:
- cervical spine (C1-C7)
- thoracic spine (T1-T12)
- lumbar spine (L1-L5)
- sacral (S1-S5)
- tailbone
(think Cereal, Tacos, Lollipop, Steak!)
what are the 5 functions of the skeletal system?
- protect vital organs
- produce movement
- maintain the structure/shape of the body
- storage of minerals
- production of blood cells in bone marrow
what are the three types of joints (we learnt at school)?
- synovial
- fibrous
- cartilaginous
what are the four types of bones?
- short
- long
- flat
- irregular
give 2 examples of short bones
- carpals
- tarsals
give three examples of long bones
- humerus
- radius and ulna
- femur
- tibula and fibula
- phalanges
- metacarpals
- metatarsals
- clavicle
give three examples of flat bones
- cranium
- pelvic girdle
- sternum
- ribe cage
medially definition
towards the centreline of the body
give three examples of irregular bones
- sacrum
- vertebral column
- mandible
- coccyx
laterally definition
away from the centreline of the body
what are the six types of synovial joints?
- plane joint
- hinge joint
- ball and socket joint
- pivot joint
- saddle joint
- condyloid joint
what is a pivot joint and provide examples.
- a cylindrical bone can provide rotary movement around a single axis.
- e.g. in the neck and on the sides of the radius and ulna
what is a hinge joint and provide examples.
- bones move in only one direction
- allows movement along one plane
- provides extension and flexion
- e.g. elbow, knees, phalanges
what is a saddle joint and provide examples.
- provides a wide range of movement
- allows movement on two planes - flexion/extension and abduction/adduction.
- there are only three saddle joint
- e.g. thumb, shoulder and ear
what is a ball and socket joint and provide examples?
- rounded bones surface connects within hollow on another bones
- allows a range of movement with a couple limits
- provides the most movement out of the synovial joints
- abduction, adduction, circumdation, rotation
- e.g. shoulder, hips
flexion definition
- when the angle between two body segments decreases across the joint.
- usually occurs in sagittal joint
e.g. flexion of the elbow
extension definition
- when the angle between two body segments increases across the joint
- usually occurs in sagittal joint
e.g. extension of the elbow
abduction definition
- when a body part moves away from the body laterally
- usually occurs in the frontal plane
e.g. shoulder abduction
adduction definition
- when a body part moves towards the body medially
- usually occurs in the frontal plane
e.g. shoulder adduction
circumdation definition
- a limb extended from a joint moves 360 degrees controlled
e.g. circumdation of the shoulder
