Skeletal System

Question 1

Living tissue capable of changing its structure
• Protective function
• It serves as a lever, seen in the long bones of the limbs

Answer 1

Bone

Question 2

Important storage area for calcium salts
• Houses and protects within its cavities the delicate blood-forming bone marrow.

Answer 2

Bone

Question 3

Two forms of bones

Answer 3

1. Compact Bone
2. Cancellous Bone (spongy bone)

Question 4

consists of a branching network of trabeculae

Answer 4

Spongy Bone

Question 5

appears as a solid mass

Answer 5

Compact bone

Question 6

Classification of Bones

Answer 6

1. Long Bones 5. Sesamoid Bone
2. Short Bones
3. Flat Bones
4. Irregular Bones

Question 7

Total number of Bones

Answer 7

206

Question 8

Category of Bones

Answer 8

1. Axial
2. Appendicular

Question 9

How many bones are there in the Axial skeleton

Answer 9

80

Question 10

How many bones are there in the Appendicular skeleton

Answer 10

126

Question 11

What are the Axial skeletons

Answer 11

Skull (22)
Auditory Ossicles (6)
Hyoid (1)
Vertebral Column (26)
Thoracic Cage (25)

Question 12

What are the appendicular skeletons

Answer 12

1. Pectoral Girdle (4)
2. Upper Limb (60)
3. Pelvic Girdle (2)
4. Lower Limb (60)

Question 13

these bones are found in the limbs

Answer 13

Long Bones

Question 14

Examples of Long bones

Answer 14

Humerus Metatarsals
Femur Phalanges
Metacarpals

Question 15

Parts of the long bones

Answer 15

Diaphysis
Epiphysis
Metaphysis

Question 16

the tubular shaft of the long bone

Answer 16

Diaphysis

Question 17

End of the bone

Answer 17

Epiphysis

Question 18

the part of the diaphysis that lies adjacent to the epiphyseal cartilage

Answer 18

Metaphysis

Question 19

Shaft has a central marrow cavity containing?

Answer 19

Bone Marrow

Question 20

Ends of long bones are composed of__________? surrounded by a thin layer of____________?

Answer 20

Cancellous Bone
Compact Bone

Question 21

Articular surfaces of the ends of the bones are covered by?

Answer 21

hyaline cartilage

Question 22

Found in the hand and foot
• Roughly cuboidal
Covered with periosteum
• Articular surfaces are covered by hyaline cartilage

Answer 22

Short Bones

Question 23

are found in the vault of the skull

Answer 23

Flat Bones

Question 24

Composed of thin inner and outer layers of compact bone.

Answer 24

Tables

Question 25

separated by a layer of cancellous bone.

Answer 25

diploë

Question 26

include those not assigned to the previous groups

Answer 26

Irregular bones

Question 27

examples of Irregular bones

Answer 27

1. Bones of the skull 2. Vertebrae 3. Pelvic Bones

Question 28

Small nodules of bone that are found in certain tendons where they **rub over bony surfaces**

Answer 28

Sesamoid Bones

Question 29

Reduce friction on the tendon • Alter the direction of pull of a tendon.

Answer 29

Sesamoid Bones

Question 30

Superior nuchal line of the occipital bone

Answer 30

Line

Question 31

Medial and lateral supracondylar ridges of humerus

Answer 31

Ridge

Question 32

Iliac crest of the hip bone

Answer 32

Crest

Question 33

Pubic tubercle

Answer 33

Tubercle

Question 34

External occipital protuberance

Answer 34

Protuberance

Question 35

Greater & lesser tuberosity of humerus

Answer 35

Tuberosity

Question 36

Medial malleolus of the tibia and lateral malleolus of the fibula

Answer 36

Malleolus

Question 37

Greater and lesser trochanters of the femur

Answer 37

Trochanter

Question 38

Ischial spine, spine of vertebra

Answer 38

Spine or spinous process

Question 39

Styloid process of temporal bone

Answer 39

Styloid Process

Question 40

Head of humerus, head of femur

Answer 40

Head

Question 41

Medial and lateral condyles of femur

Answer 41

Condyle

Question 42

Medial and lateral epicondyles of femur

Answer 42

Epicondyle

Question 43

Head of rib for articulation with vertebral body

Answer 43

Facet

Question 44

Types of Depressions in the bone

Answer 44

1. Notch 2. Groove or Sulcus 3. Fossa

Question 45

Greater sciatic notch of hip bone

Answer 45

Notch

Question 46

Bicipital groove of humerus

Answer 46

Groove or sulcus

Question 47

Olecranon fossa of humerus, acetabular fossa of hip bone

Answer 47

Fossa

Question 48

Articulating surfaces of the bones • **Little movement**

Answer 48

Fibrous Joint

Question 49

**Bones are united by a plate** or a bar of hyaline cartilage • **No movement is possible**

Answer 49

Primary cartilaginous joint

Question 50

**Bones are united by a plate of fibrocartilage** and the articular surfaces of the bones are covered by a thin layer of hyaline cartilage. • **Small amount of movement**

Answer 50

Second Cartilaginous joint

Question 51

Articular surfaces of the bones are covered by a thin layer of hyaline cartilage separated by a joint cavity

Answer 51

Synovial Joints

Question 52

Cavity of the synovial joint is lined by?

Answer 52

Synovial membrane

Question 53

**Synovial membrane is protected on the outside** by a tough fibrous membrane referred to as the?

Answer 53

Capsule

Question 54

is a **viscous liquid that lubricates** the articular surfaces and is **produced by the synovial membrane**

Answer 54

Synovial fluid

Question 55

are **interposed between the articular surfaces of the bones**

Answer 55

Articular discs

Question 56

are found in some synovial joints **lying between the synovial membrane and the fibrous capsule** or bone

Answer 56

Fatty Pads

Question 57

The apposed articular **surfaces are flat or almost flat** • Movement: **slides on one another**

Answer 57

Plane Joints

Question 58

**Resembles the hinge on e door** • Movements: flexion and extension

Answer 58

Hinge Joints

Question 59

A central bony pivot is **surrounded by a bony ligamentous ring** • Movement: rotation

Answer 59

Pivot Joints

Question 60

Have two distinct convex surfaces that articulate with two concave surfaces. • Movements: flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction

Answer 60

Condyloid Joints

Question 61

An elliptical convex articular surface fits into an **elliptical concave articular surface** • Movements: flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction

Answer 61

Ellipsoid joints

Question 62

The articular surfaces are reciprocally concavoconvex and **resemble a saddle on a horse's back.** • Movements: flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, and rotation.

Answer 62

Saddle joints

Question 63

A ball-shaped head of one bone fits into a socket-like concavity of another.

Answer 63

Ball-and-socket joints

Question 64

Three main factors of stability of joint

Answer 64

1.Shape, size, and arrangement of articular surfaces 2. Ligaments 3. Tone of muscles around the joint

Question 65

**Prevent excessive movemement in a joint** • If stress is continued for an excessively long period, the the ligament will stetch

Answer 65

Fibrous Ligaments

Question 66

Returns to their original length after **stretching**

Answer 66

Elastic Ligaments

Question 67

Is a cord or **band of connective tissue uniting two structures**

Answer 67

Ligaments

Question 68

Two types ligaments

Answer 68

1. Dense bundles of collagen fibers 2. Elastic tissues

Question 69

are **unstretchable under normal conditions**

Answer 69

Collagen fibers

Question 70

can regain its original length after stretching

Answer 70

Elastic Tissues

Question 71

is a **lubricating device** consisting of a closed fibrous sac lined with a delicate smooth membrane

Answer 71

Bursae

Question 72

**Found wherever tendons rub against bones**, ligaments or tendons

Answer 72

Bursae