CAPS 391 > Skeletal system > Flashcards

Skeletal system Flashcards

(42 cards)

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1
Q

what passes through foramen lacerum?

A

NOTHING

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2
Q

cribiform plate

A

=part of the ethmoid bone w/lots of small openings

-cranial nerve I accesses nasal cavity through these openings (olfactory foramina) to become sense of smell

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3
Q

what passes through optic canal?
what passes through foramen rotundum?
foramen ovale
foramen spinosum

A
  • cranial nerve II
  • 1 branch of cranial nerve 5 maxillary
  • mandibular branch of V maxillary
  • middle meningeal artery
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4
Q

what passes through internal acoustic meatus?
jugular foramen?
hypoglossal canal?
foramen magnum?

A
  • cranial nerves VII and VIII
  • cranial nerves IX, X, and XI
  • XII
  • brain stem
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5
Q

weakest part of skull

A

temple: junction of sutures

called pterion

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6
Q

lordosis

kyphosis

A
  • when cervical or lumbar curvature is increased (can happen naturally to lumbar during pregnancy
  • when thoracic curvature is increased
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7
Q

soft spots of skull

A

=fontanelles

  • lambda=post. fontanelle, becomes bony by 6mo
  • bregma=ant fontanelle, becomes bony by 18mo
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8
Q

regions of vertebral column+distinguishing features of vertebrae

A 
cervical C1-CVII
-2 transverse foramina (blood supply to brain)
-bifurcated spinous process
thoracic T1-TXII
-long, inferiorly directed spinous process
-costal facets
lumbar L1-LV
-large body
-thick and short spinous process
sacral SI-SV-fused
coccygeal
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9
Q

how does the head rotate?

A
  • Atlas C1 has no body and lateral masses connected by ant and post arches
  • CII axis has dens process-articulates w/anterior arch (atlanto-axial joint (synovial pivot))
  • atlanto-occipital joint b/t altas and occipital condyles=synovial condyloid joints
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10
Q

true ribs
false ribs
free ribs

A
  • I-VII
  • VIII-XII-attach to rib above’s cartilage
  • XI-XII-no attachment to sternum
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11
Q

weakest part of the rib

A

costal angle-where it changes direction

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12
Q

what’s the only long bone that’s horizontal in the body

A

clavicle

  • lateral end=acromial head-flat
  • medial end=sternal end-rounder
  • lateral curvature convex post.
  • medial curvature convex ant.
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13
Q

intertubercular groove of humerous

A
  • bicipital groove-bicep passes through
  • axillary nerve passes through
  • surgical neck (weakest part) below
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14
Q

flexion and extension of formarm

A

during extension, the olecranon fossa on the post side of the humerus receives the olecranon (ulna)
during flexion, the coranoid fossa houses the radial bone

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15
Q

acetabulum

A

point of fusion for the 3 hip bones that articulates w/ the femur

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16
Q

fibula

A

does not articulate w/femur

distal 1/3 involved in ankle movements, upper 2/3 unimportant and often used for bone grafts

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17
Q

what tarsals articulate w/the tibia and fibula?

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A
  • talus
  • calcaneus articulates w/talus and cuboid (ant)
  • navicular articulates to ant. talus
  • 3 cuneiforms ant to navicular-medial, intermediate, lateral
18
Q

functional joint classification

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A
  1. synarthrosis-very little if any movement (bones of skull)
  2. amphiarthrosis-semi-movable (ribs and sternum)
  3. diarthrosis-freely movable (at least 1/3 of an anatomical plane
19
Q

structural joint classification

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A
  1. solid joints-bones held together by CT
    a. fibrous (suture, syndesmosis, gomphosis)
    b. cartilaginous (syncondrosis-hyaline cartilage and symphysis-fibrocartilage)
  2. synovial joints-space separating bones
    a. monoaxial-hinge, pivot
    b. biaxial-saddle
    c. multiaxial-ball and socket, condyloid
    d. nonaxial-bones can slide/glide against eachother but not possible to define movements on a plane
20
Q

synovial joints

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A
  • articular (hyaline) cartilage covers surfaces-minimizes friction and acts as absorber
  • bones held together by fiberous capsules, which sometimes thickens to form ligaments
  • capsule is continuous w/periosteum
  • synovial membrane produces fluid and to nourish and lubricate capsule
21
Q

superior pelvic aperature/pelvic inlet

Study These Flashcards
A

sacral promontory–>anterior border of sacral ala–>medial border of ilium–>sup border of pubic ramus–>pubic crest–>pubic symphysis
-false pelvis=area above inlet

22
Q

inferior pelvic aperture/pelvic outlet

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A

coccyx–>sacrotuberose ligament–>ischial pubic ramus–>pubic body–>pubic symphysis
-true pelvis b/t superior and inferior

23
Q

vertebrae joints

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A

3 points of articulation
1. b/t vertebral borders (intervertebral disk-symphysis joint)
has nucleus pulposis surrounded by annulus fibrosis
-herniated disk=when nucleus tears membrane and shock absorption ability decreases–>disk collapses and vertebrae pinch the nerve branches
2 and 3. b/t articular processes (zygapopphyseal joints-facet joints)
-supported by anterior longitudinal ligament and lagamentum flavum (connects laminae of adj. vertebrae), and interspinous and supraspinous ligament

24
Q

what is the only synovial joint in the head?

Study These Flashcards
A

TMJ temporal mandibular joint

  • condylar synovial joint w/ an articular disk (CT) b/t condyle of mandible and mandibular fossa
  • fibrocartilage
25
glenohumoral joint
- most mobile and least stable synovial ball and socket joint - b/t head of humerus and glenoid cavity of scapula - ring around glenoid cavity=glenoid labrum - coracoclavicular ligament, coracoacromial ligament - bursa (serous membrane) surrounds synovial membrane and facillatates mm and tendon movements (deltoid bursa)
26
elbow joint
3 articulations-b/t trochlea of humerus and trochlear notch of ulna (synovial hinge), capitulum of humerus and head of radius (condyloid type), and proximal head of radius and radial notch of ulna -ulnar collateral ligament stablizes trochlea and trochlear notch radial collateral ligament supports humeroulnar joint (which is a hinge joint) -annular ligament facillatates pivoting of radius for sup./pronation
27
wrist joint
distal radioulnar joint (pivot) and radiocarpal joint (condylar) - articular disk present - midcarpal joint: proximal and distal carpal bones-nonaxial - intercarpal joints b/t carpals - carpometacarpal joints b/t carpals and matacarpals - radiocarpal ligaments, intercarpal, carpometacarpal, interosseous metacarpal, and radial/ulnar collateral ligaments support wrist
28
hip joint
=ball and socket - supported by pubofemoral, iliofemoral, and ischiofemoral ligaments - round ligament of head of femur connects to ligament w/in acetabulum
29
knee joint
- bi condylar joint b/t femoral condyles and tibial condyles (medial and lateral tibiofemoral joints) - synovial planar joint b/t patellar surface of femur and post patella (patellofemoral joint) - medial and lateral menisci lie b/t femoral condyles and tibial plates - tibial and fibular collateral ligaments and anterior and posterior cruciate ligments for stability
30
labrums
=fibrocartilage rings attach to circumference of glenoid cavity and acetabulum to increase depth
31
costovertebral joints | sternocostal joints
- head of rib articulates w/vertebral bodies of thoracic vertebra and tubricle articulates w/costal facet on transverse process of corresponding thoracic vertebrae - ant end of rib pairs 1-7 articulates w/sternum via costal cartilage - all these are synovial planar joints except 1st sternocostal (which is syncondroses)
32
manubiosternal | xiphisternal joint
manubrium and body of sternum body of sternum and xiphoid process -symphysis joints
33
sternoclavicular joint | acromioclavicular joint
- b/t medial end of clavicle and manubrium of sternum 1. synovial saddle, has an articular disk - b/t lateral clavicle and acromion of scapula 1. synovial planar joint, supported by coracoclavicular ligament
34
radio-ulnar joints
- proximal-head of radius held against radial notch of ulna by annular ligament - middle: fiberous syndesmosis-interosseous membrane-connects borders - distal-b/t head of ulna and ulnar notch of radius
35
tibiofibular joints
similar to upper limb 1. proximal b/t head of fibula and lateral condyle of tibia-synovial planar 2. middle 3. distal b/t fibular notch of tibia and distal end of fibula-fiberous syndesmosis
36
ankle joint
b/t distal tibia and fibula and body of talus-synovial hinge | -supported by medial and lateral ligaments
37
intertarsal joints
-small synovial planar joints b/t tarsal bones
38
neurocranium viserocranium cranium
neurocranium=skull bones-temporal and parietal (paired) and frontal, occipital, sphenoid, and ethmoid bones viserocranium=facial bones-lacrimal, nasal, zygomatic, maxilla, inferior nasal concha, and palatine (paired) and mandible and vomer (unpaired) cranium=skull w/out mandible
39
what forms the hard palate?
maxilla and palatine bones
40
anterior cranial fossa middle cranial fossa posterior cranial fossa
-frontal, ethmoid, and sphenoid boundary b/t ant and middle=lesser sphenoid wings -sphenoid and temporal bones (petrous and squamous parts)--includes hypophyseal fossa (of sella turcica) (pituitary) boundary b/t middle and post=superior boarder of petrous part of temporal bone -occipital and temporal (petrous part)
41
sternal angle
the manubrium and body of sternum form sternal angle, where the 2nd costal cartilage attaches
42
thoracic cage
formed by ribs, costal cartilage, thoracic vertebrae, and sternum
CAPS 391
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