What are the cranial bones held together by?
immovable joints called sutures
What is the purpose of the facial bones?
- to form a framework for the face
- protect delicate sense organs
- anchor muscles of the face
- hold the teeth
What is the purpose of the cranium?
- enclose the brain
- provide attachment site for neck and head muscles
What makes up the ethmoid bone?
- middle nasal concha
- perpendicular plate
What 2 bones does the coronal suture hold together?
frontal and parietal bone
What 2 bones does the squamous suture hold together?
parietal and temporal bone
What 2 bones does the lambdoid suture hold together?
parietal and occipital bone
What 2 bones does the sagittal suture hold together?
the two parietal bones
What 2 bones does the occipitomastoid suture hold together?
occipital and temporal bone
What bones make up the hard palate?
maxilla and palatine bone
What is the purpose of the vertebral column?
- formed by 26 adult bones
- transmits weight of trunk to lower limbs
- surrounds and protects spinal cord
- attachment site for neck and back muscles
When does the thoracic and sacral curves formed?
during fetal development
When does the cervical curve form?
when an infant raises head at 4 months
When does the lumbar curve form?
when an infant sits up and begins to walk at 1 year
Intervertebral discs compose _____ % of the height of the vertebral column
25%
What is the purpose of the nucleus pulposus?
to absorb compressive stresses
What is the purpose of the anulus fibrosus?
- binds vertebrae together
- resists tension on the spine
- absorbs compressive forces
What can cause a herniated disc? What is a herniated disc?
can happen due to age or spine trauma
- nucleus pulposus loses cushion
- anulus fibrosus weakens
What is formed by the superior and inferior vertebral notches of adjacent vertebrae?
intervertebral foramen
Which curve of the spine has bifid spinous processes?
C1-C6
C7 has vertebra prominens
Allows for flexion and extension of the neck?
atlas C1
Acts as a pivot point for rotation of atlas?
axis C2
What hold the axis in place?
the transverse ligaments
Scoliosis
-lateral curvature of thoracic region
-common in girls
results from…
-abnormally structures vertebrae
-unequal lower limb length
-impaired muscle function
