what is Keratoacanthoma
- Premalignant. Rapidly growing keratotic papules on sun-exposed skin that develops over a span of 3-6 weeks into centrally umbilicated nodules.
- Cheeks, nose, and ears and the dorsum of the hands. Spontaneous regression usually ensues within 6-12 months, leaving an atrophic scar.
- cup-shaped, with a central, keratin-filled umbilication with overhanging edges
what is Actinic Keratosis
Scaly erythematous patches (dry scale attached to erythematous base) and plaques that occur on the face (MC), the dorsum of the hands, and the forearms of individuals in or past middle age. hyperkeratosis, and papillomatosis.
Tx for Actinic Keratosis
Wide excision, can progress to squamous cell carcinom
Histology of Actinic Keratosis
Epidermal cells are dysplastic, are arranged in a disorderly fashion, and have hyperchromatic nuclei. Mitosis are found. Lots of chronic inflammation.
What is Seborrheic Keratosis
- Lesions NOT malignant.
- arises on the trunk, face, and arms of elderly people.
- brownish, slightly raised, circumscribed, and verrucous “stuck-on” lesions
Tx for Seborrheic Keratosis
surgical resection sufficient
Histology of Seborrheic Keratosis
hyperkeratosis, and papillomatosis. Interspersed among the epithelial cells are cysts of keratin
What is a basal cell carcinoma
most common malignant tumor in persons with pale skin. Can erode through bone must be removed.
What does basal cell carcinoma look like
pearly papule or nodule, an ulcerative crater, or an irregular firm flat plaque-like tumor.
BCC histology
- prominent epithelial nests of basophilic cells attached to the epidermis
- protrude into the subjacent papillary dermis.
- nuclei are deeply basophilic surrounded by a small rim of cytoplasm.
What is SCC
cancer of the epidermis whose cells typically resemble keratinocytes.
CP of SCC
backs of the hands or the face, lips and ears (tend to be more aggressive).
- Early lesions are small, scaly or ulcerated red papules, which may be pruritic (itchy).
- Tumor cells that mimic the epidermal. stratum spinosum and extend into the subjacent dermis. The epidermis is thickened (hyperkeratotic)and parakeratotic
SCC tx
Wide excision and radiation therapy.
Define Hutchinson’s freckle
- Older people or in sun-damaged skin and presents as a pigmented patch.
- Develops almost exclusively in fair, elderly whites and grows as a flat, irregular brown to black patch which may cover a large part of the face or back of the hand.
Describe the skin lesion seen in sarcoidosis
- discrete subcutaneous nodules to erythematous plaques, similar to Lupus.
- may also appear on the mucous membranes of the oral cavity, larynx, and URT. Non-caseating granulomas
What is Kaposi’s Sarcoma a sarcoma (tumor) of?
- malignant disease involving endothelial cells-
- high prevalence among male homosexuals with AIDS and HIV
What is a Intradermal nevus
the upper dermis shows nests and cords of nevus cells, with varying amounts of melanin. In the lower dermis the nevus cells are embedded in collagenous tis
What is a Junctional nevus
The nevus cells, which contain melanin, are arranged in nests in the lower epidermis and sometimes the lower dermis, but minimal
What is a compound nevus
This lesion possesses features of both junctional and intraepidermal nevi, being present in both the dermis and epidermis, but usually predominates in the dermis.
What is radial growth
most common where the melanocytes grow in all directions, upward and peripherally in the epidermis, and downward from the epidermis into the dermis.
Which melanoma has vertical growth from the start
Nodular Melanoma
What is vertical growth
- Tumors that extend into the lower half of the reticular dermis
- The melanocytes exhibit mitotic activity and grow as spheroidal nodules that vertically expand rapidly
Which melanoma is the best to have
Superficial spreading melanoma
Which melanoma is the worst to have
Nodular Melanoma
