Sleep

Question 1

What theories are there considering why we need sleep?

Answer 1

1) . Restoration –> rest and repair.
2) . Energy conservation –> sleep and save calories.
3) . Brain processing –> memory consolidation, synaptic strengthening.

Question 2

How many hours is the sleep cycle?

Answer 2

24-25.

Question 3

What happens if you disrupt the sleep cycle?

Answer 3

Insufficient sleep can affect =

• behaviour.
• reducing performance.
• increase the risk of accidents.

Question 4

What are the 2 states of sleep?

Answer 4

1) . REM.

2) . NREM.

Question 5

How is brain changes in sleep measured?

Answer 5

Electroencephalogram (EEG) scans.

Question 6

What is REM sleep?

Answer 6

• Occurs every 90 mins.
• Lasting 5-30 mins.
• Dreaming.
• Heart and respiratory rates are irregular.
• 4-5 cycles per night.

Question 7

What is NREM sleep?

Answer 7

• Reduction in physiological activity.

- Breathing and heart rate slow down.

Question 8

What physiological changes are there as sleep gets deeper (NREM)?

Answer 8

Brain waves get slower and have a greater amplitude.

Question 9

What is a circadian rhythm?

Answer 9

Bodily changes in a 24-hour cycle.

Question 10

What fluctuations in the body vary via a circadian rhythm?

Answer 10

• Hormone secretion.

- Body temperature.

Question 11

What factors affect sleep?

Answer 11

• Mealtimes.

- Work patterns (night shift).

Question 12

What internal factors affect sleep?

Answer 12

• Core body temperature.
• Urine volume.
• Cerebral blood flow.
• Systolic pressure.
• Melatonin.
• Cortisol.
• Thyrotrophin.
• Growth hormone.

Question 13

Which endocrine gland responds to light?

Answer 13

Pineal.

Question 14

What works in conjunction with the pineal gland to secrete melatonin?

Answer 14

Suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN).

Question 15

What stimulates the secretion of melatonin from the pineal gland?

Answer 15

Darkness =

• light inhibits secretion.

Question 16

Which amino acid makes melatonin and serotonin?

Answer 16

Tryptophan.

Question 17

What is tryptphan found in?

Answer 17

• Milk.
• Chocolate.
• Seeds.
• Nuts.

Question 18

Whats the difference in the secretion of melatonin and serotonin?

Answer 18

1) . Serotonin =
- secreted at day (responds to light).
- makes you happy.
2) . Melatonin =
- secreted at night (responds to dark).
- sleepiness.