Components of the biological clock
Opposes the homeostatic sleep drive w/ its alerting effect
Allows for consolidated WAKE during the subjective day
Autonomic alerting process-timing can be changed
(Light exposure, melatonin)
Components of homeostatic sleep drive
Proportional to amount of WAKE and sleep debt (cumulative day to day)
Lessened only by sleep
Highest at night and alerting effects of clock decline
How many hours do infants sleep
16-18 hours
How often do infants have arousal
Frequently (undeveloped circadian rhythm)
How long do infants stay awake after arousal
2.5-4hrs
Circadian rhythm and arousal of 2-3 month old
Begins to develop
Arousals are more regular and less frequent
When are infants circadian rhythm established
6 months
When can infants sleep through the night
6-12 months
How many hours per night and hours of napping do an infant need
10-12 per night 5 hr nap time
What does sleep deprivation do to infants
Rises arousal threshold
Rises number of sleep apnea episodes
May explain some episodes of SIDS
Sleep and nap requirements for a 2 yo
10-12 hours
Daytime naps up to 4 hours
How many hours and naps does a 3 yo need
10-12 hrs
Less day time naps ( about an hour)
Rhythm and sleep of a 4-6 year old
10 hrs per night
Rhythm strongly established
How may a 4-6 yo present insufficient sleep
Irritability
Aggressiveness
Difficult concentrating or sitting still
Learning difficulty
Sleeping patterns of a prepubescent child
Very effective sleepers
Fall asleep quickly and effectively
10hrs per night
Adolescent/ teen sleep schedule
Circadian rhythm shifts (delayed sleep and wake phase)
9-10 hrs of sleep
How do you preform a Phase shift
Expose to bright light in the early evening(done for early risers)
What is seen in physically fit elderly subjects
Preserved delta wave
Less fragmented sleep
What waves are affected by caffeine
Delta
6hr half life
Alcohols effect of sleep
Decrease latency
Decreases REM in first 1/2 of sleep (rebounds 2nd half)
Increases fragmentation second half
Increase severity of OSA
What disorders is PLm’s associated with
Kidney disease
Narcolepsy
Nicotines affects on sleep
Increases latency and fragmentation
What does PLM’s stand for
Periodic limb movement
How many seconds is PLM
0.5-10 seconds each
