1
Q
A
Lapis Niger - Black Rock
570-550 BCE
- Located in front of the Senate house
- Contains an early Latin Inscription,
- possibly associated with the tomb of Romulus or teh Grandfather of one of the early kings
- 164 knucklebones (used for divination) and 11 bronze Kouroi/lituus (jewelry and sacred priestly objects)
- Used for divination practices -
2
Q
A
Lapis Niger - Black Rock
570-550 BCE
- Located in front of the Senate house
- Contains an early Latin Inscription,
- possibly associated with the tomb of Romulus or teh Grandfather of one of the early kings
- 164 knucklebones (used for divination) and 11 bronze Kouroi/lituus (jewelry and sacred priestly objects)
- Used for divination practices -
3
Q
A
Temple of Mater Matuta
Early 6th c. BCE
Located Near San Omobono
- Close to the Harbor, on the Capitoline Hill
- Next to the Cattle Market, now under Saint Omobono
- Animals sacrificed in the area
- 2 felines on either side of Medusa - Apotropaic function
- Area would later become populated with more temples - early sacred area
- Temple to Fortune added next to this complex, early 5th c. BC - beginnings of clustered temple complexes
4
Q
A
Temple of Mater Matuta
Early 6th c. BCE
Located Near San Omobono
- Close to the Harbor, on the Capitoline Hill
- Next to the Cattle Market, now under Saint Omobono
- Animals sacrificed in the area
- 2 felines on either side of Medusa - Apotropaic function
- Area would later become populated with more temples - early sacred area
- Capitoline area would later host numerous other temples, including Jupiter Optimus Maximus Temple (ca. 550 BCE)
- Built in the earliest settled areas of the city -
5
Q
A
Round Temple - Tempio Rotondo -
130-120 BCE
Near the Forum Boarium
- Temple dedicated to Hercules Victor
- Likely built by L. Mummius who defeated Greek city of Corinth
- First Corinthian temple in Rome, similar to temples in Greece of the 4th and 3rd c. cf. Sanctuary of the Great Gods
- Near the mouth of Truth
- Features Drafted Margin Masonry
- Made almost entirely of Pentelic Marble and situated on a low Krepis, built as a Greek Tholos - round style is not seen in Rome until 3rd quarter of 2nd c. BC
6
Q
A
Round Temple - Tempio Rotondo -
130-120 BCE
Near the Forum Boarium
- Temple dedicated to Hercules Victor
- Likely built by L. Mummius who defeated Greek city of Corinth
- First Corinthian temple in Rome, similar to temples in Greece of the 4th and 3rd c. cf. Sanctuary of the Great Gods
- Near the mouth of Truth
- Features Drafted Margin Masonry
- Made almost entirely of Pentelic Marble and situated on a low Krepis, built as a Greek Tholos - round style is not seen in Rome until 3rd quarter of 2nd c. BC
7
Q
A
Sarcophagus of Scipio Barbartus
298 BC
- Features inscription with family lineage, lists of political offices, and military conquests
- Consul in 298, censor in 290 - sarcophagus ca. 280 BCE
- Tomb of the Scipios
- Part of a long line of burials - shown with the Caere Sarcophagus (c. 550 BC)
- Part of the Tomb of the Scipios - 2nd c. BCE (tomb for Scipio Africanus the Elder)
- Inscription similar to the Elogia read out during the aristocratic funeral
8
Q
A
Caere Sarcophagus
ca. 550 BCE
- One of two burial practices active in Rome (the other being cremation)
- Draws on line of Etruscan burial practices, imported from Greece during time of increased interaction and cultural movement
- Alters the typical symposium scene seen in Greece by the introduction of women
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9
Q
A
Monument to Sulla
ca. 104 BCE
Capitoline Hill
- Erected to honor Sulla by the king of Bocchos
- In honor of victories in the Jugurtha campaign
- Engages a relatively recent phenomenon in Rome established by Marius in his defeat of the Gauls (121 BC)
- Similar to Numidian victory monuments, features trophies, shield on the front with image of Sulla
- Victories and Eagle in the Center
10
Q
A
Monument to Sulla
ca. 104 BCE
Capitoline Hill
- Erected to honor Sulla by the king of Bocchos
- In honor of victories in the Jugurtha campaign
- Engages a relatively recent phenomenon in Rome established by Marius in his defeat of the Gauls (121 BC)
- Similar to Numidian victory monuments, features trophies, shield on the front with image of Sulla
- Victories and Eagle in the Center
11
Q
A
Theater of Pompey
55 BC
Campus Martius - Southern Side
- Built by Pompey following his successful campaigns in Asia Minor and Syria
- Theater is a public works donation, part of the larger construction competitions funded by wealth generated from conquest (cf. Caesar and his constuctions)
- Theater complex is legitimized by the small Temple to Venus Victrix at the top of the complex’
- Included on the Forma Urbis Romae
12
Q
A
Victory Monument at Actium
ca. 30 BCE
- Set up by Octavian following his defeat of M. Antony
- Features the rams from 37 ships used in the battle - marks the Naval Victory in a manner also seen prior
- theme established in the rostral column of Maenius following Samnite wars of the 4th c. BCE
- One of several victory monuments set up by Octavian/Augustus - Cf. victory altar at Nikopolis, also Ara Pacis
- Part of a multifaceted legitimation campaign by Octavian following his victory - see also the Temple to Venus Genatrix, Basilica Aemelia rebuild with Parthian statues
- Triple triumph of Octavian, following the quadruple triumph of Caesar
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13
Q
A
Parthian Arch of Augustus
ca. 20 BCE
Roman Forum
- Set up by Augustus following his ‘victory’ over the Parthians
- Negotiated return of the battle standards lost by Crassus to the Parthians
- One of several Augustan claims to victory over the Parthians and Roman domination of the known world
- See also the Augustus of Prima Porta
- Augustan Denarius
- Augustus claimed the Fasti Triumphales and the Fasti Consulares
- Rebuild of the Basilica Aemelia with pavonazzetto Parthian statues - after 14 BC
14
Q
A
Horologium of Augustus
10 BC
Campus Martius
- Part of the building program of Augustus - features an obelisk captured from Egypt and brought back to Rome
- Red Granite shaft still preserves Augustus’ inscription - Augustus was Pontifex Maximus in 12 BC (follows suit with Caesar)
- Solar Meridian - would tell time of day and year -
- Gilded bronze lettering survives - odd that what has been unearthed contains Greek letters
- Part of the Egyptomania in Rome following the defeat of Egypt/Antony
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15
Q
A
Mausoleum of Augustus
28-23 BC
Campus Martius
- Artificial Hill, covered by evergreen trees
- Entrance flanked by 2 large obelisks - part of the booty from Egypt
- Exterior contains a plan for the construction of the Pantheon, found by Haselberger - was out of the way so it served as a staging area for materials
- Large outer ring and grove, inner columned circular chamber - circumambulation possibly related to veneration of military trophies
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Roman Topography
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