Social classifications

Question 1

life expectancy

Answer 1

Longevity varies between places and within settlements

Clear North – South variations

Kensington and Chelsea has the highest average wage in the UK (£70,000 a year) and a male/ female life expectancy of 83/87.

Borough has the lowest cancer rates in the UK
Borough of Hart in Berkshire has highest male life expectancy of 82.9

Poole in Dorset highest female life expectancy at 85.9

Male life expectancy in Central Glasgow is 72.6.

Borough has highest rate of heart disease and highest number of sick days in UK

The North East of England has highest number of smokers and binge drinkers

Question 2

factors affecting life expectency

Answer 2

Key factors are social (lifestyle choices especially smoking, diet and alcohol consumption), economic ( the more wealthy have a higher life expectancy) and access to healthcare (50% of those in Kensington have private health insurance)

Question 3

education

Answer 3

Large inequalities in the UK

Richmond on Thames has highest GCSE results (79% 5 A-C Inc. English and Maths)

Middlesbrough has the lowest (49%)

The lowest achieving social group is working class white children in poverty (31% 5 A-C ink English and Maths)

A big gender gap – girls outperform boys at all levels

Ethnic variations; Chinese and Indian children all above average. Bangladeshi, Pakistani and Black African all below

In 2015, there were more students at Oxbridge from Eton than there were black working class boys from the whole of the UK

7% of UK children attend private school, in London the figure is 25%

52% of Oxbridge students attended private school

Question 4

factors impacting education

Answer 4

lack of role models, inability to access resources, abolition of the Educational Maintenance Allowance and introduction of tuition fees, cultural and social attitudes to education – all factors point to a definite link between economic grouping and educational success

Question 5

index of multiple deprivation

Answer 5

Divides the UK into 32,844 areas and measures seven socio – economic features including; income, health, crime and quality of environment. Each area is then allocated into deciles (10ths)

Question 6

index of multiple deprivation advantages

Answer 6

Compares small areas so allows detailed comparisons
Identifies most deprived regions and so funds and regeneration schemes can be targeted
Index updated every 5 years and so areas can be tracked over time

Question 7

index of multiple deprivation disadvantages

Answer 7

The weighting of indices can be questioned e.g. income is allocated 25% of weighting
Doesn’t account for overall rises in affluence as still divided into deciles

Question 8

IMD facts

Answer 8

• Over 5 million people live in the most deprived areas in England
• Liverpool, Middlesbrough, Manchester, Knowsley, Hull, Hackney and Tower Hamlets are the local authorities with the highest number of areas among the most deprived in England
• The most deprived areas are in cities - 98% in fact
  . 9 of the 10 most deprived boroughs are in Northern England

All 10 of the least deprived areas are in Southern England