1
Q
how are societies typically classified
A
- the Elman Service model of evolution 1960s
- highly criticized
2
Q
What is a hunter-gatherer society
A
- typically less than 100 individuals
- nomadic - have seasonal territory
- living example: Tanzania Hadza
3
Q
How are hunter-gatherers represented in the archaeological record
A
- butchering remains
- experimental dwellings
- debris from habitation
4
Q
what is a segmentary society
A
- permanent but small
- dispersed homesteads and villages
- no hierarchy
5
Q
what is an intermediate society
A
- limited hierarchy, rather it is heterarchical, which is an emphasis of shared, flexible power
- shared ethnic identity with other settlements (langauge)
6
Q
What is a chiefdom
A
- considered intermediate
- dynastic bloodlines
- hierarchical based on prestige not class
- 5-20k people
- has a regional center (temple, residence, market)
- lacks administration - not urban
7
Q
What is a state
A
- hierarchal based on class
- religion often distinct from rule
- taxes - redistribution of wealth
- organized central authority
- urban centers
- population of 5000 or more
8
Q
What is a city state
A
- qualities hard to define, Copenhagen Polis Centre suggests:
- defined territory
- 1000 or more people
- shared ethnic identity
- named
- specialized economy
- military and government
- not self-sufficient
9
Q
What is the case study for this unit?
A
- What type of society is Zagora, Cyclades, Greece (8th cent)
- cluster of houses built in blocks (planning?)
- about 1000 inhabitants
- rectangular hearths and pitho (large storage vessels) - permanence
- 90% of pottery imported
- fortification wall
- temple in town center used into the 6th cent, despite being abandoned in the 8th
10
Q
Why do we need to categorize societies?
A
- statistics and comparisons
- narrow down subsets to not have to compare every site to ever exist
ANTH-2123
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