Technology

Question 1

When do the first stone tools date to

Answer 1

3.3 mybp

Question 2

Stone Quarries?

Answer 2

• have found quarries with works in process
• Rapa Nui - half made statue with an observable head

Question 3

Earliest stone tool technologies

Answer 3

• striking stones to make a shapeable core
• flakes used to make smaller knives
• later techs mad multiple tools from one stone

Question 4

How can we determine the manufacturing process of a tool

Answer 4

• replication
• refitting

Question 5

How can we determine the use of a tool

Answer 5

• ethnoarchaeology
• experimental archaeology
• microwear patterns

Question 6

uses of plant and animal fibers

Answer 6

• skin, bark, woven fibers make containers fabric and cords
• difficult to preserve
• typically learn production method rather than use

Question 7

What is pyrotechnology

Answer 7

• advances in controlled fire
• created ovens (kilns) for pottery
• could raise temperatures increasing durability
• high temps make shiny surfaces
• low oxygen makes darker pottery

Question 8

when did pottery first appear in the arch record

Answer 8

• neolithic sedentary societies
• grooved ware, coil pottery, pithos
• hand building

Question 9

How is pottery analyzed

Answer 9

• microscopic thin-section analysis:
• fabrics, inclusions, tempers

Question 10

What is a potters wheel

Answer 10

• created in mesopotamia c. 3400 BCE
• slow (hand) wheel, may need an assistant
• fast (kick) wheel

Question 11

What is a Munsell Chart

Answer 11

• used to standardize the identification of clay and soil

Question 12

what is archaeometallurgy

Answer 12

• study of ancient metal artifacts and the manufacture

Question 13

what are non-ferrous materials

Answer 13

• Iron difficult to use, needed high temps to smelt, only appeared in West Asia c. 1000 BCE
• copper, bronze, lead, silver, gold

Question 14

What is metallographic examination

Answer 14

• analyzes: cold hammering, annealing, casting