MSK 3 > Soft Tissue > Flashcards

Soft Tissue Flashcards

(48 cards)

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1
Q

Skin is high in:

A

Elastin

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2
Q

Skeletal Mm Connective Tissue Sheaths must be able to:

A
  • broaden during contraction of muscle

- elongate during lengthening of muscle

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3
Q

Nerve Sheaths allow:

A
  • nerves to glide in central and peripheral NS

- if they can’t move=impairet efferent/afferent signals

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4
Q

Fascia

A
  • Slightly mobile sheath of connective tissue
  • supports all soft tissue and also attached to bone
  • limited blood supply
  • good tensile strength (many directions)
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5
Q

Fascia can affect:

A
  • balance

- neurological status

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6
Q

Components of Fascia

A

-connective tissue and ground substance

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7
Q

Categories of Connective Tissue

A
  • Dense Regular
  • Dense Irregular
  • Loose Irregular
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8
Q

Dense Regular

A
  • parallel fibers, resist unidirectional stress

- not well hydrated or vascularized

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9
Q

Dense Irregular

A
  • non-parallel; resist multidirectional stress
  • stop extremes of motion
  • areas of high mechanical stress
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10
Q

Loose Irregular

A
  • most elastic
  • greatest amount of ground substance per unit area
  • good tensile strength to multi-directional stresses
  • maintains space between structures for motion
  • most potential for change through soft tissue mobs
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11
Q

Dense Regular Examples

A

-Ex. lig/tendons

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12
Q

Dense Irregular Examples

A

-Ex. dermis, joint capsules, periosteum, fascial sheaths, aponeuroses

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13
Q

Loose Irregular Examples

A

-Ex. SubQ, some deep fascia, muscle/nerve sheaths, supportive framework for lymph system and internal organs

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14
Q

Cells of Connective Tissue

A
  • fibroblasts
  • histiocytes
  • macrophages
  • mast cells
  • plasma cells
  • lymphocytes, eosinophils, leukocytes
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15
Q

Fibroblasts

A

-create collagen, elastin, reticulin and ground substance

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16
Q

Collagen’s dominant role:

A
  • maintain structural integrity of various tissues

- provide tensile strength to tissues

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17
Q

Elastin’s dominant role:

A

-determines patterns of distention and recoil in most organs (skin, lungs, blood vessels and connective tissue)

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18
Q

Histiocytes

A

-phagocytic cells that become active during inflammatory conditions

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19
Q

Macrophages

A

-Cells that debride an area after trauma

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20
Q

Mast Cells

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A

cells that secrete histamine (vasodilator) and heparin (anticoagulant)

21
Q

Plasma Cells

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A

-produce antibodies

22
Q

Lymphocytes, Eosinophils, Leukocytes

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A

-present during infectious disease

23
Q

Gound Substance

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A
  • the midium in which connective tissue fibers lie
  • maintain distance between connective tissue fibers (prevent adhesions)

-made up of mucopolysaccharides (proteoglycans and GAGs) which provide lubrication for connective tissue gliding and diffuses nutrients and waste products

24
Q

Connective tissue fibers

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A

-collagen, elastin, reticulin

25
Repair Process
- Inflammatory phase - regeneration/repair phase - remodeling/maturation phase
26
Inflammatory phase
- 4-6 days post injury - histamine/bradykinin released - phagocytosis by macrophages for cellular debris - re-vascularization starts - fibrin reestablish tensile strength of tissue
27
Regeneration/Repair Phase
- 5 days to 10-12 weeks - collagen laid in random arrangement - area covered by highly vascularized fibrous connective tissue
28
Remodeling/Maturation Phase
- 3 weeks to 12 months - fibrous connective tissue changes - collagen fibers align due to tension - more organized tissue (increased tensile strength - cross linkage between collagen fibers lead to formation of adhesions - collagen fibers contract-->decreased motion of scar tissue
29
Myofascial Dysfunction
-malfunction of fascial system due to trauma, posture, inflammation that causes binding down of fascia resulting in abnormal pressures on nerves, muscle, bones, organs which create pain or malfunction throughout the body
30
Trigger Points may be a manifestation of:
myofascial dysfunction
31
Trigger Points
- discrete, focal, hyperirritable spots located in a taut band of skeletal muscle - produce pain locally - referred pain pattern
32
Tender Point
-pain at site of palpation only
33
Fibromyalgia
- pre-menopausal women with diffuse pain - disturbed sleep patterns - at least 11/18 standardized tender points
34
Fibromyalgia Tender points
1. occiput at subocc Mm insertions 2. low cervical at ant intertransferse spaces C5-C7 3. trap at midpoint of upper border 4. supraspin at origin above scap spine near med border 5. 2nd rib at 2nd costochondral junction just lat to junctions on upper surfaces 6. lateral epicondyle of humerus 7. glut region in upper outer quadrant of buttocks in ant fold of Mm 8. Gr troch post to trochanteric prominence 9. knees at med fat pad prox to jt line
35
Fibromyalgia Treatment
- aerobic exercise (low load) - address sleep disturbances - teach pt self-management (explain condition, minimize stress to soft tissue, time management, assistive aides, mod to work/home, relaxation) -soft tissue not big help here
36
Myofascial Pain Syndrome
- more specific findings than fibromyalgia - pain limited to certain region (not specific structure) - disturbed sleep, trigger points - distortion of proprioception - fatigue, strain, stress, trauma may stimulate condition
37
Mechanical Dysfunction
- myofascial dysfunction linked to specific cause like repetitive strain or reflex sympathetic dystrophy - sof tissue mob more beneficial here
38
Myofascial Pathologies
- Fibromyalgia - Myofascial Pain Syndrome - Mechanical Dysfunction
39
Muscle Play
-assess soft tissue mobility of Mm surrounding symptomatic area with muscle bending
40
Skin Gliding
- at area of soft tissue restriction - to determine direction in which most limited - apply pressure through tips of thumbs; keep one still and use other thumb to pull away to end range - do same all around 360* - should feel springy soft end feel; dysfunction=hard end feel
41
Technique for inflam and repair stages
-broadening and shortening (exam and treatment)
42
Technique for remodeling stage
- lengthening | - (can still continue broadening and shortening)
43
Effleurage
``` -AKA: Stroking :TYPES: -Palmar effleurage -knuckling -2-3 finger effleurage -fulling ```
44
Petrissage
``` -AKA: Kneading TYPES -hand kneading -finger kneading -alternating 2-hand kneading ```
45
Massage Indications | 13
- amputations - arthritis - burns - bursitis - myositis - facial paralysis - inflammation - insomnia - pain - postural dysfunction - prolonged bedrest - scar tissue/contracture - edema (non-obstructive
46
Massage Counterindications | 9
- obstructive edema - Active malignancy - thrombophlebitis - hematoma - non-union fractures - post op areas - around lacerations - active communicable diseases - mental disturbances
47
Massage and myofascial mobilization both cause:
- increased circulation of blood/lymphatic fluid | - effect on autonomic and CNS
48
Fibromyalgia points
18 points
MSK 3
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