Ortho II > Space Maintenance > Flashcards

Space Maintenance Flashcards

(46 cards)

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1
Q

For a child with all developmental spaces, prediction goes towards…

A

a well aligned permanent dentition (any disturbances in these spaces can potentially alter the outcome)

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2
Q

During the mixed dentition, the “Golden Stage of Dentition”, both skeletal and dental structures change ________________

A

concurrently

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3
Q

What is space analysis?

A

Space analysis quantifies the amount of needed space (crowding/spacing) within the arches estimating the severity of space discrepancy

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4
Q

What is compared for space analysis?

A
  • the amount of space available for the alignment of the teeth
  • the amount of space required to align them adequately
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5
Q

Space Available and Space Required Comparison has 3 results:

A
  • Excess
  • OK
  • Deficiency
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6
Q

What is more common: lack of spaces in the arches or excess space in the arch?

A

lack of spaces in the arches

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7
Q

Most of the time space deficiency (crowding) is divided to 3 group:

A
  1. Mild
  2. Moderate
  3. Severe
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8
Q

Spaced dentition is characterized by…

A
  • interdental spaces
  • lack of contact points between the teeth
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9
Q

In studies related to young populations, it was found that spacing in both arches was more common in boys or girls?

A

boys

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10
Q

Is spacing localized or generalized?

A

can be either due to number of teeth included

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11
Q

What is the etiology of spacing?

A
  • Hereditary
  • Acquired
  • Functional
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12
Q

What are the hereditary causes of etiology of spacing?

A
  • Tooth size-arch size discrepancies
  • Protrusive teeth
  • Congenitally missing teeth
  • Macroglossia
  • Supernumerary teeth
  • Small teeth
  • Hypertrophic frenum
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13
Q

What are the acquired causes of etiology of spacing?

A
  • Pathologic conditions increasing tongue size
  • Missing teeth
  • Delayed eruption of permanent teeth
  • Periodontal disease
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14
Q

What are the functional causes of etiology of spacing?

A

Oral habits

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15
Q

Spacing should be corrected because it can…

A
  • Result in gum problems due to the lack of protection by the teeth
  • Prevent proper functioning of the teeth
  • Make the smile less attractive
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16
Q

Three treatment options are available for generalized spacing:

A
  • Esthetic intervention using composite resin, Veneer, Crowns, etc
  • Orthodontic space closure
  • Closure of anterior spaces and opening posterior spaces
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17
Q

After orthodontic treatment for spacing, it is frequently necessary to apply ____________________ as these cases have a high risk of relapse

A

fixed retention

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18
Q

What is a diastema?

A

The midline diastema is a space (or gap) between the maxillary central incisors

The space can be a normal growth characteristic during the primary and mixed dentition

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19
Q

Prevalence of diastema in 10 to 12 years old children:

Study These Flashcards
A
  • More in maxilla. Between central incisors.
  • African American 19%
  • Caucasians 8%
20
Q

Diastemas can be a normal growth characteristic, but they may also be caused by:

Study These Flashcards
A
  • Tooth size discrepancy
  • Missing teeth
  • Oversized labial frenum
  • Overjet
  • Protrusion of the teeth
21
Q

What are the treatment options for diastemas?

Study These Flashcards
A
  • Keep the diastema.
  • Orthodontic treatment.
  • Composite/Porcelain veneers
  • Crown and bridge work or replacement of teeth with implants (adults only)
22
Q

If oversized labial frenum is the reason for a diastema, pt may be referred for a __________________

Study These Flashcards
A

frenectomy

  • If the frenectomy is conducted on a child, the space may close by itself.
  • If it is a teenager or adult, the space may need to be closed with braces prior to frenectomy. It is due to scar tissue which may prevent space closure by orthodontic forces.
23
Q

In most cases, diastemas will close spontaneously as the _________ erupt

24
Q

Generally diastemas more
than ____ mm require active intervention

25
How do removable appliances close diastemas?
by tipping the crowns of incisors (fixed appliances provide better control)
26
When using ortho to fix diastema in the mixed dentition, why is caution necessary to avoid tipping the roots of lateral incisors distally?
they could interfere with the erupting path of the canines
27
T/F: diastemas have a strong tendency towards relapse
true
28
What is crowding?
the lack of space for all the teeth to fit normally within the jaws
29
Crowding could be as the result of:
* Twisted or displaced teeth * Disharmony in the tooth to jaw size relationship * Early or late loss of primary teeth * Improper eruption of teeth
30
What is the etiology of crowding?
The exact cause of crowding or malocclusion in general is **unknown** - Several researchers have suggested that the problem is hereditary and is associated with the evolutionary development of modern humans - Another author believed there are true signs of hereditary and environmentally induced tooth-size/jaw-size discrepancy - Given the size of these lists, the etiology of crowding must be considered **multifactorial**
31
Crowding should be corrected because it can:
* Prevent proper cleaning of all the surfaces of your teeth * Promote dental decay * Increase the chances of gum disease * Prevent proper functioning of teeth * Make your smile less attractive
32
What is mild crowding?
less than 4.5 mm
33
What is moderate crowding?
5 to 9 mm (i think he said its actually 4-6?-haley) (yeah he said the slides were wrong and its 4-6- grace )
34
What is severe crowding?
>10mm (he said the slides were wrong. its >7mm -grace)
35
Mild crowding less than 4.5 mm can be resolved through...
* Preservation of the leeway space * Regaining space * Limited expansion in the late mixed dentition
36
Moderate crowding 5 to 9 mm can be approached with...
* Expansion * Some of these cases may require extraction of permanent teeth
37
Severe crowding >10mm will need...
* Extraction * Serial extraction or guidance of eruption is reserved for treatment of severe tooth-size/arch-size discrepancies
38
What is bolton analysis
* It determines the ratio of the MD widths of the Max teeth to Mand teeth * It shows whether there is any tooth size discrepancy between the upper and lower teeth * It is recommended for permanent dentition, after eruption of all permanent teeth from 1st molar to 1st molar
39
Bolton analysis determines:
* Overall ratio * Anterior ratio
40
How do you calculate bolton analysis?
- Step 1: --- Sum of Mand 12 (exclude 2nd and 3rd molars) --- Sum of Max 12 (exclude 2nd and 3rd molars) - Step 2: Overall Ratio --- the sum of the MD width of mandibular teeth to maxillary teeth is 91.3% - Step 3: Interpretation --- If the overall ratio is less than 91.3%, it indicates maxillary tooth materials excess (vice versa) - Step 4: Anterior ratio --- the sum of the MD width of the anterior mandibular teeth to the anterior maxillary teeth is 77.2% - Step 5: Interpretation --- If the overall ratio is less than 77.2%, it indicates maxillary tooth materials excess (vice versa) - Step 6: Calculation in mm --- After calculation of the Bolton ratio (Overall and Anterior), the arch with the relatively smaller tooth material is determined and the actual figure/value corresponding to the arch tooth size is located in the table. --- The ideal value for the size of the opposing teeth is read off from the accompanying column. --- The difference between the actual value and the ideal value (according to the table) for the relatively enlarged tooth material represents in mm the amount of excess tooth size in the arch
41
According to Bolton, the sum of the MD width of mandibular teeth to maxillary teeth (12 teeth, 6-6) is ______%.
91.3%
42
If the overall ratio is less than 91.3%, it indicates __________ tooth materials excess
maxillary ## Footnote The maxillary teeth are relatively too large compared to the mandibular teeth
43
If the overall ratio is MORE than 91.3%, it indicates ____________ tooth materials excess
mandibular
44
According to Bolton, the sum of the MD width of the anterior mandibular teeth to the anterior maxillary teeth (6 teeth, 3-3) is ______%.
77.2%
45
If the overall ratio is less than 77.2%, it indicates __________ tooth materials excess
maxillary ## Footnote The maxillary teeth are relatively too large compared to the mandibular teeth
46
If the overall ratio is MORE than 77.2%, it indicates __________ tooth materials excess
mandibular
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