SPEC POINT 1.5

Question 1

What is atherosclerosis?

Answer 1

The hardening of the arteries due to damage of the endothelium of an artery

Question 2

Describe the events leading to atherosclerosis:

Answer 2

1. High blood pressure causes damage to artery endothelium
2. Inflammatory response results in WBC’s being recruited behind endothelial cells
3. Due to high levels of LDL in blood, WBC’s absorb saturated fats and cholesterol
4. Atheroma or fibrous plaque forms, narrowing lumen of artery
5. Reduces flow of blood
6. This reduces concentration gradients and rate of diffusion is inadequate
7. Blood pressure increases to compensate and a positive feedback loop is established
8. Respiration cant occur, lack of ATP in cells, cells/tissue does not function/dies

Question 2

What is the consequence of atherosclerosis on an artery?

Answer 2

Reduced elasticity, increased blood pressure due to abnormal/reduced blood flow