Med Lab > specimen procurement > Flashcards

specimen procurement Flashcards

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1
Q

royal blue tube additive

A

K2EDTA

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2
Q

light green tube is aka

A

PST (plasma separator tube)

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3
Q

pale yellow tube # of inversions

A

8 times

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4
Q

lavender/pink tube additive

A

EDTA

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5
Q

red glass tube # of inversions

A

0 (none)

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6
Q

Gold/SST tube is used to test for

A
  • routine chemistry
  • antibody studies
  • cross matching and blood typing
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7
Q

red tube department

A

toxicology

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8
Q

red plastic tube additive

A

prothrombin activator

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9
Q

how should a lancet be placed on fingerprint when doing dermal puncture

A

perpendicular to fingerprint

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10
Q

why is the first drop of blood wiped away when performing a dermal puncture

A

contains excess interstitial fluid

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11
Q

maximum lancet length used on a neonate heal? why?

A
  • 2.00mm

- avoids damage to calcaneal bone

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12
Q

how many hours can a fecal fat determination sample be collected for

A

24-72 hours

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13
Q

why are 3 specimens collected for

  • fecal culture and sensitivity specimen
  • ova and parasite specimen
  • fecal occult blood specimen
A

presence of bacteria may be sporatic

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14
Q

what does the Westergren Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate test for

A

inflammatory disorders

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15
Q

black tube ratio

A

1:4

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16
Q

light blue tube # of inversions

A

3-4 times

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17
Q

black tube additive

A

buffered sodium citrate

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18
Q

red tube is used to test for

A

prescription/illicit drugs

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19
Q

what additives are found in a light green tube

A
  • thixotropic gel

- heparin

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20
Q

what does HBA1c test for? goes to what department

A
  • sugars for past 3 months

- chemistry

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21
Q

what is pale yellow tube used to test for

A
  • paternity testing
  • HLA tissue typing
  • Canadian blood services transfusion bags
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22
Q

light blue tube used to test for

A
  • INR
  • PT
  • Aptt
  • FDP
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23
Q

green tube additive

A

heparin

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24
Q

black tube department

A

hematology

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25
grey tube # of inversions
8 times
26
blood culture tubes come as a set. what are the names
- aerobic (with oxygen) | - anaerobic (without oxygen)
27
green tube # of inversions
8 times
28
what tests would be performed on a semen specimen
- fertility - infertility - vasectomy success - vasovasectomy success
29
light blue tube department
coagulation studies
30
bright yellow tube department
microbiology
31
light blue tube ration
1:9
32
what is NOT a valid reason for patient to refuse dermal puncture
afraid of needles
33
rule when using butterfly on light blue tube
use discard tube when this is the first tube
34
what is fecal occult blood specimen used to diagnose
colorectal cancer
35
temperature semen sample must be kept at until received at testing facility
body temp (37 degrees Celcius)
36
time frame semen sample must be received at testing facility
within 30 minutes of collection
37
1st choice for dermal puncture
middle finger
38
explain 24-hour urine process
- choose start time, void 1st urine into toilet - collect all urine for 24 hours - collect each sample in sterile container, then add to 24 hour container - store in cool, dark place - swish after each addition - force out last drop at 24 hour mark take to collection center ASAP
39
prior to providing a semen sample, what must patient NOT do
ejaculate for 3 days prior to collection
40
when is a dermal puncture most often used
point of care testing at bedside
41
gold/SST tube additives
- prothrombin activator | - thixotropic gel
42
bright yellow tube used to test for
- septicemia | - blood culture
43
black tube used to test for
westergren ESR
44
pale yellow tube department
- transfusion services | - cytogenetics
45
pale yellow tube additive
acid citrate dextrose (ACD)
46
lavender/pink/royal blue # of inversions
8 times
47
green tube department
STAT chemistry
48
black tube # of inversions
8 times
49
bright yellow tube # of inverstions
8 times
50
gold/SST tube # of inversions
5-6 times
51
gold/SST tube department
- chemistry - immunology - transfusion services
52
red (plastic)tube # of inversions
5 times
53
blood tubes - order of draw
1. blood culture tube (bright yellow) 2. light blue 3. red 4. gold/SST 5. green 6. lavender/pink/royal blue 7. grey 8. pale yellow 9. black
54
culture and sensitivity testing look for what 2 things
bacteria and antiobiotic sensitivity
55
grey tube tests for what
- glucose tolerance test (GTT) - blood alcohol levels - lactic acid
56
light blue tube additive
buffered sodium citrate
57
red glass tube additive
nothing/empty
58
grey tube department
chemistry
59
lavender/pink tube used to test for
- CBC - HbA1c - ADH - ACTH - BNP - blood typing and crossmatch
60
lavender/pink tube departments
- hematology - chemistry - transfusion services
61
green tube is used to test for
- ammonia - blood gases - lactic acid - catacholamines
62
bright yellow tube additives
- charcoal - broth culture medium - sodium Polyanethol sulfate (SPS)
63
grey tube additives
- sodium fluoride | - potassium oxalate
64
what is the transport media for C & S sample
cary-Blair
65
what is the transport media for O & P specimen? | what does it do?
- sodium acetate formalin (SAF) | - prevents decomp (preserves parasite)
66
what chemical is used for sweat chloride sample and why
- pilocarpine | - induces sweating
67
what does hemoconcentration affect
potassium and CBC levels
68
what 3 departments does Cerebrospinal fluid go to and why
- hematology - cell count - microbiology - culture and sensitivity - chemistry - glucose and protein
69
where do you not perform heel puncture
central inferior surface
70
top 5 reasons why hemolysis occurs
- probing/fishing - going thru hematoma - alcohol/water not dry - aggressive inversions - too small needle
71
what are the 3 names for best possible urine sample
- suprapubic puncture - suprapubic transabdominal needle - aspirate/cytocentesis
72
FOB transport media
inoculated card
73
4 main causes for hemoconcentration
- tourniquet too tight/on too long - fist pumping - fishing/probing - edema
74
what is C. Difficile
virus that produces doxins
75
where can a heal puncture be done
medial or lateral curvature of heel
76
first morning urine sample concentration and why
- most concentrated | - more dissolved particles than fluid
77
what is C & S specimen testing for
food poisoning
78
how are sweat chloride samples taken
perspiration collected on filter paper from palm
79
fecal fat determination helps to indicate what
- liver disease - gallbladder disease - pancreatic disease - crohns - cystic fibrosis - celiac disease
80
what does hemoconcentration create
higher concentration of formed elements
81
what type of infection is C. Difficile
nosocomial infection
82
what are 1st and 2nd choices for dermal puncture
1. middle finger | 2. ring finger
83
FOB # of samples and why
- 3 specimens | - blood may be sporadic
84
what is the transport media for pinworm
sticky paddle
85
how is pinworm contracted
contaminated sandbox
86
how is pinworm treated
over the counter treatment (medication)
87
what temp are swabs kept at
room temp until tested
88
what is a sweat chloride sample used for
test/screen for cystic fibrosis
89
name 4 problems that can cause hematoma during venipuncture
- insert needle thru vein - tourniquet too tight/on too long - removing needle before tourniquet - bevel of needle not fully in vein
90
what are the safety measures required for pin worm
where a mask
91
where are the veins located used in venipuncture
anticubital fossa
92
symptom of O & P infection
parasitic gastroenteritis (diarrhea)
93
how to remedy a collapsed vein
- butterfly needle | - smaller tube
94
c. difficile transport media
sterile container
95
3rd vein choice for venipuncture and location
- basilic | - pinky side of arm (inside)
96
2nd vein choice for venipuncture and location
- cephalic | - thumb side of arm (outside)
97
1st vein choice for venipuncture and location
- median cubital | - runs thru centre
98
how does a collapsed vein happen
- vacuum of tube sucks vein closed | - patient dehydrated
99
fecal fat determination biosafety required
no biosafety required
100
where on finger do you perform dermal puncture
side of finger (lateral or medial surface)
101
explain what clean catch-midstream urine sample requires
1. clean genital and urethral opening (meatus) | 2. collect middle portion of urine
102
what does C & S sample test for
bacteria and antibiotic sensitivity
103
amniotic fluid is found where
amniotic sac
104
pericardial fluid is found where
heart
105
synovial fluid is found where
joints
106
pleural fluid is found where
lungs/chest
107
MLPAO guidelines for drug specimen procurment
- photo ID must be presented - witness collection - temp taken within 4 minutes of collection
108
what patient info must be on lab req
telephone
109
when is a random urine sample taken
any time of day
110
what is an O & P specimen
ova and parasite
111
in which direction do you perform dermal puncture on finger
perpendicular to fingerprint
112
how do you produce blood drop after dermal puncture
squeeze distal part of finger (pad)
113
who collects a catheterized urine sample
doctor or nurse
114
what does C & S mean
culture and sensitivity
115
what is a FOB specimen
fecal occult blood (hidden blood)
116
what is a first morning urine sample
first urine of the day before eating/drinking
117
who can order tests on a lab req
- doctor - registered practical nurse - dentist - psychiatrist - midwife (when for pregnancy)
118
safety measures required for c difficile
- PPE | - hand hygiene
119
what fingers are not used for dermal puncture and why
index - most likely too calloused | pinky - too small
120
where should a sputum sample be produced
deep in chest
121
first 2 steps in procedure for routine venipuncture
1. wash/antisepsis hands 2. confirm patient ID (full name & DOB) (wristband if in hospital)
122
who is a heel puncture performed on
neonate and infant
123
what is final process of dermal puncture
continue to squeeze distal part of finger to produce enough blood for specimen collection
124
fecal fat determination transport media
pail (pail-o-pooh)
125
patient identifier not required on lab requisition
health card number
126
in order for students to perform punctures what must happen
students must be supervised or delegated
127
explain process for suprapubic puncture
needle inserted thru abdominal wall into bladder
128
biosafety required with O & P specimen
fume hood
129
how is pediatric urine sample collected
sterile bag with adhesive
130
biosafety required for C & S samples
Class II (2) biosafety cabinet
131
what patients do collection center staff never call
public health patients
132
what methods of dr's signature are acceptable
- inked signature - typed signature with inked initials - stamp signature - computer generated signature
133
what are you looking for with O & P specimen
parasites and their eggs
134
FOB biosafety required with sample
class II (2) biosafety cabinet
135
swabs are collected from
external surfaces
136
swabs - 2 options for transport media
- no additives for bacteria that find charcoal toxic | - with charcoal additive to absorb toxins
137
3 length options for lancets
1. 8mm 2. 0mm 2. 4mm
138
in order for graduates to perform punctures what must happen
graduates need to be deemed competent
139
what is a hematoma - how is it caused
- bruise | - caused by interstitial bleeding
140
cerebrospinal fluid collected how
lumbar puncture
141
what does collapsed vein create
loss of blood flow
142
what are the dietary restrictions for fecal fat determination
100grams of fat for 3 days prior to test and during collection
143
what is pinworm testing for
worms and eggs
144
how are body cavity fluids collected
Centesis (puncture and extracted with syringe)
145
where are body cavity fluids collected from
``` peritoneal - abdominal cavity pleural - lungs/chest synovial - joints pericardial - heart amniotic - amniotic sac ```
146
what does 24-hour urine help diagnose
- diabetes insipidus | - renal failure/issues
147
how are skin scrapings collected
fungal paper
148
3 reasons a dermal puncture is performed
- when micro collection is sufficient - point of care - patient refuses venipuncture
149
FOB testing dietary restrictions
- no red meat - no veggies - no vitamin C - no iron
150
what other department may a sputum sample go
cytology for cancer testing
151
peritoneal fluid comes from where
abdominal cavity
Med Lab
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