Perceptual cues
Acoustic properties that allow identification of speech sounds
Cue redundancy
More cues than are necessary to distinguish
Safeguard against noise or processing errors
Formant transitions
Changes in formants at edges of speech sounds
Due to place of articulation as one sound moves to another
Labial formants
All fall into the consonant
Dental/alveolar formants
F1 falls
F3 rises
F2 dependant on vowel
Velar formants
F1 falls
F2 rises
F3 falls (velar pinch)
Audio-visual illusion
Visual perception interferes with audio percept