1
Q
Initiation (vowels)
A
Pulmonic aggressive ASM
2
Q
Articulation (vowels)
A
Maintained open approximation
3
Q
labels for lip shape
A
Rounded or unrounded
Spread or neutral
4
Q
Pioneer of cardinal vowels
A
Daniel Jones
5
Q
Diphthongs
A
Momentary open approximation with multiple target configuration
6
Q
Sonority
A
Vowels are the centre of the syllable because they’re the most sonorous (most intense acoustic energy)
7
Q
Sonority hierarchy
A
Low vowels Mid vowels High vowels Glides Rhotics Laterals Nasals Fricatives Plosives
8
Q
F1
A
Inverse relationship to vowel height
Hugh vowel = low frequency F1
9
Q
F2
A
Backness
Fronted vowel = high frequency F2
