Gross Anatomy > Spinal Cord > Flashcards

Spinal Cord Flashcards

(56 cards)

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0
Q

Where does the spinal cord end?

A

L1/L2

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1
Q

Where does the spinal cord start?

A

Medulla

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2
Q

The brain and spinal cord make up the?

A

Central nervous system

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3
Q

How many pairs of spinal nerves are in the typical human?

A

31

12 cranial

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4
Q

What is responsible for controlling the involuntary systems including smooth muscles, glands and internal organs?

A

Autonomic nervous system

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5
Q

What are the cell types of the nervous system?

A

Neuroglia, Schwann, neurons=PNS

Oligodendrocytes=CNS

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6
Q

The structural and functional unit of the nervous system?

A

Neuron

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7
Q

Layer of lipid and protein that sheaths some axons thereby increasing the velocity of impulse transmission from neuron to neuron?

A

Myelin

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8
Q

Collection of nerve fibers that connects the CNS with somatic muscles and structures in the body?

A

Peripheral nerves

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9
Q

Origin and termination of the spinal cord?

A

Medulla/L1/L2

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10
Q

Efferent fiber (motor) cell bodies are found in what?

A

Ventral horns/anterior horns

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11
Q

Which level of the spinal cord has the most gray matter?

A

Lumbar

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12
Q

Outermost meningeal layer?

A

Dura mater

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13
Q

The subarachnoid space contains what?

A

Cerebral spinal fluid

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14
Q

What anchors the spinal cord to the posterior coccyx?

A

Filium terminale

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15
Q

What anchors the spinal cord to the dural sac?

A

Denticulate ligament

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16
Q

Where do cervical spinal nerves exit the intervertebral formina?

A

Above the named segment

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17
Q

What surrounds a fascicle in a peripheral nerve that protects the nerve against foreign substances?

A

Perineurium

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18
Q

What accommodates the Cauda Equina?

A

Lumbar cistern

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19
Q

Do spinal nerves contain both sensory and motor fibers?

A

Yes

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38
Q

What carries impulses away from the cell? Myelinated or unmyellinated?

A

Axons

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39
Q

What is the point at which one neuron communicates with another?

A

Synapse

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40
Q

Gray matter is where in the CNS? White matter is where?

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A

Nucleus, tract (axon, nerve fibers)

41
Q

PNS has what that are a collection of nerve cell bodies?

42
Motor?
Efferent-->ventral root to spinal cord
43
Sensory?
Afferent-->dorsal root (away from the spinal cord)
44
The CNS
Nucleus is gray matter, collection of neuron cell bodies Tract is white matter, collection of nerve fibers, connects nuclei
45
The PNS
Ganglion is a collection of nerve cell bodies, outside of CNS peripheral nerve is collection of nerve fibers, connect CNS with peripheral structures SPINAL OR CRANIAL NERVES
46
Spinal nerves how many?
31 ``` 8 cervical 12 thoracic 5 lumbar 5 sacral 1 coccygeal ```
47
What do spinal nerves do?
Carries dorsal (afferent, sensory) and ventral (efferent, motor) from one spinal segment Dorsal and ventral roots run in subarachnoid space covered in pia mater
48
What is epineurium?
Encloses bundle of fascicles | Fat, blood vessels, lymphatics
49
What is Perineurium?
Dense tissue around a fascicle, protection action foreign substances
50
What is endoneurium?
Delicate sheath surrounding neurolemma and cells
51
What is the lumbar cistern?
Enlargement of subarachnoid space to accomodate Cauda Equina
52
What are dermatomes and myotomes?
Areas of skin innervated by a single spinal nerve Muscle receiving innervation from a single spinal level
53
What vertebral arteries run from the brain stem to conus medullaris and supply superior cord?
Anterior spinal artery (from vertebral artery) and 2 posterior spinal arteries (from vertebral artery)
54
What arteries supply most of the cord?
Segmental medullary and radicular arteries
55
What veins supply the spinal cord?
3 anterior spinal veins, 3 posterior spinal veins
56
Thoracic region what kind of matter?
Mostly white, lateral horn
57
Cervical region what kind of matter?
A lot of white because all sensory information goes through this area
58
Lumbar region what kind of matter?
A lot of gray because of big motions of the limbs
59
What does the dural sac do?
Dura mater forms a protective covering on top of the spinal cord
60
Where is the spinal cord thicker?
Cervical and lumbosacral enlargements Cervical=brachial plexus Lumbosacral=lumbosacral plexus
61
What continues after the spinal cord ends?
Fibers
62
Spinal ganglia consist of?
Dorsal and ventral roots, splits into posterior ramus (sensory and motor) and anterior ramus (sensory and motor)
63
The somatic nervous system
Voluntary Skeletal muscle Sensation=pain pressure touch proprioception
64
The autonomic nervous system
Involuntary Smooth muscle Glands Internal organs
65
Glial cells (neuroglia)
Non-excitable cells, cells support insulate, and nourish neurons
66
Schwann cells
Major glial cell in PNS Produces myelin protein for myelinated axons Equilateral to oligodendrocytes in CNS
67
What is a neuron?
Structural and functional unit of the nervous system, rapid communication
68
A neuron has what parts and what do they do?
Cell body Dendrites carry impulses to the cell body Axons carry impulses away from the cell body and can be myelinated or unmyelinated
69
Neurotransmitter so facilitate what?
``` Synapses Acetylcholine Norepinephrine Dopamine GABA ```
70
What is the dura mater?
Outermost layer, thick and fibrous, forms spinal dural sac
71
What is the arachnoid mater?
Middle layer, delicate, encloses CSF (cushion for the cord)
72
What is the pia mater?
The innermost layer, most delicate, covers spinal nerve roots, continues as filum terminale
73
What are denticulate ligaments?
Sheets of pia mater that anchor the cord to the dural sac, separates anterior (ventral) and posterior (dorsal) nerve roots-->longitudinal to the cord
Gross Anatomy
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