Statistical Tools

Question 1

• is a branch of science that deals with the collection, organization, analysis of data and drawing of inferences from the samples to the whole population.
• encompasses all the methods and procedures used in the collection, presentation, analysis and interpretation of data.

Answer 1

Statistics

Question 2

• comprise methods concerned with collecting and describing a set of data to yield meaningful information.
• draw inferences or conclusions about these sets of data.

Answer 2

DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS

Question 3

comprises those methods concerned with the analysis of a subset of data leading to predictions or inferences about the entire set of data

Answer 3

INFERENTIAL STATISTICS

Question 4

is the set of all entities and elements under study

Answer 4

Population

Question 5

is the subset of population

Answer 5

Sample

Question 6

refer to all descriptive measures or characteristics of population

Answer 6

Parameters

Question 7

refer to all descriptive measures or characteristics of a sample

Answer 7

Statistic

Question 8

is the process of gathering information from every element of the population

Answer 8

Census

Question 9

is the process of gathering information from every element of the sample

Answer 9

Survey

Question 10

value within the range of the data which describes its location or position relative to the entire set of data. The more common measures are measures of central tendency, percentile, decile and quartile.

Answer 10

Measure of Location

Question 11

describes the “center” of the data. It is a single value about which the observations tend to cluster. The common measures are mean, median and mode

Answer 11

Measure of Central Tendency

Question 12

sum of the observations divided by the number of observations totaled

Answer 12

Mean

Question 13

middle value of an array

Answer 13

Median (Md)

Question 14

observations which occurs most frequently in the data set

Answer 14

Mode (Mo)

Question 15

• divides the data set into 100 equal parts, each part having one percent of all the data values.
• For example, if Patrick received a rating of 90th percentile in the National Secondary Achievement Test, this means that 90% of the students who took the test had scores lower than or equal to Patrick’s

Answer 15

Percentile (Pi)

Question 16

• divides a data set into ten equal parts, each part having ten percent of all data values

Answer 16

Decile (Di)

Question 17

• divides a data set into four equal parts, each part having twenty-five percent of all data values

Answer 17

Quartile (Qi)

Question 18

is a statistical test for the mean of a population. It is used when
- n ≥ 30; or when the population standard deviation is given

Answer 18

Z-TEST