STATS MIDTERMS!!!!!

Question 1

branch of science that deals with collection, organization,
presentations, analysis, and
interpretation of numerical data to make better decisions.

Answer 1

Statistics

Question 2

2 Division of Statistics:

Answer 2

Descriptive Statistics

Inferential Statistics

Question 3

collecting, organizing, summarizing, and presenting data to describe group characteristics of data.

Answer 3

Descriptive Statistics

Question 4

logical process to predict or inference from sample
analysis to generalized conclusions

Answer 4

Inferential Statistics

Question 5

characteristics of objects, people, or events that does not vary

Answer 5

Constant

Question 6

• characteristics of objects, people, or events that can take of
  different values
• a piece of information recorded for every item of experimental unit.

Answer 6

Variable

Question 7

variables that takes on numerical values representing amount of quantity.
- age, height, test scores, weight,
prices of cars, numbers of cars
owned, annual income, market
sales, stock prices.
- can be added, subtracted

Answer 7

Quantitative Variables

Question 8

assume values only at specific points on scale of values with gaps in between; obtained by counting
(countable)

Answer 8

Discrete Variables

Question 9

assume any of an infinite number of values and belongs to a continuous series.
- between any two values of the
variable, an indefinitely large
number of in-between values may
occur.

Answer 9

Continuous Variable

Question 10

• yields categorical responses (not
  normally expressed numerically)
• often summarized in charts and bar graphs

Answer 10

Qualitative/Categorical Variables

Question 11

can be made only in
two categories; yes or no,
defective/non-defective,
present/absent

Answer 11

Dichotomous

Question 12

can be made in more
than two categories such as
educational attainment, nationality,
religion, type of colleges, regions,
brand of soft drinks, name of
companies, level of job performance

Answer 12

Multinomial

Question 13

numerical index
describing characteristics of a
population

Answer 13

Parameter

Question 14

numerical index describing a
characteristic of a sample.

Answer 14

Statistic

Question 15

consists of all the
members of the group to draw
conclusions (universe)

Answer 15

Population

Question 16

portion/part of the
population of interest selected for
analysis.

Answer 16

Sample

Question 17

collection of information
from elements of population/sample

Answer 17

Survey

Question 18

survey that includes every
element of the target population

Answer 18

Census

Question 19

process of
determining the value or label of a
particular experimental unit.

Answer 19

Measurement

Question 20

Level of measurement where it just counts, no measurement and no scales. Not graded, ranked, scaled. (names/categories)

Answer 20

Nominal Scale

Question 21

ordering of categories

Answer 21

Ordinal Scale

Question 22

shows order of cases into categories indicating exact
differences

Answer 22

Interval Scale

Question 23

possesses all
characteristics of interval scale

Answer 23

Ratio Scale

Question 24

4 Levels of Measurement

Answer 24

Nominal
Ordinal
Interval
Ratio

Question 25

based on assumptions about distribution of the population from which the sample was taken.

Answer 25

Parametric Statistics

Question 26

not based on assumptions, the data can be collected from a sample that does not follow a specific distribution. (Qualitative Data)

Answer 26

Nonparametric Statistics

Question 27

Used to denote sum of values

Answer 27

Sigma

Question 28

get information f2f or through conversation

Answer 28

Direct or interview method

Question 29

gives written questions for respondents to answer on their own

Answer 29

Indirect or Questionnaire Method

Question 30

data gathered from official records or documents

Answer 30

Registration Method

Question 31

data collected by watching, noting behaviors, events, or conditions

Answer 31

Observation Method

Question 32

gathered by conducting tests to study cause-and effect relationships

Answer 32

Experiment Method

Question 33

every member of population has an equal chance of being chosen

Answer 33

Simple Random/Lottery

Question 34

– researcher select every nth member from a list after a random start

Answer 34

Systematic

Question 35

population is divided into groups (strata) and samples are taken from each

Answer 35

Stratified

Question 36

population is divided into clusters and are randomly selected

Answer 36

Cluster

Question 37

combination of different sampling methods

Answer 37

Multiple Stage

Question 38

Non-random sampling that is easily accessible

Answer 38

Convenience

Question 39

Nonrandom sampling technique that is especially qualified

Answer 39

Purposive

Question 40

selecting participants to fill a set number for each category or group

Answer 40

Quota

Question 41

finding participants through referrals from initial subjects. (with information)

Answer 41

Snowball

Question 42

Group of data into categories (tabular form) showing the number of observations in each of the nonoverlapping classes (mutually exclusive & exhaustive)

Answer 42

Frequency Distribution

Question 43

original, unorganized set of observations

Answer 43

raw data

Question 44

raw data arranged in either ascending or descending

Answer 44

Array

Question 45

difference between highest and lowest value in a data set

Answer 45

range

Question 46

smallest and largest values that belong to a class

Answer 46

class limit

Question 47

actual limits of a class, found halfway between upper limit of one class and lower limit of the next

Answer 47

Class boundaries/true limits

Question 48

difference between lower limits (or boundaries) of two consecutive classes.

Answer 48

Interval (class size/width)

Question 49

number of observations that fall within a class

Answer 49

frequency

Question 50

proportion of observations in a class compared to the toal

Answer 50

relative frequency