1
Q
According to STP - What general rule should be followed when tasking crews at a residential structure fire?
A
- As a general rule, in the absence of visible victims or in situations where victim location is unknown, the first arriving crew will be tasked with Fire Attack. It is critical to get water on the fire as quickly as possible to gain Fire Control and stop conditions from worsening
2
Q
In accordance with SOGs, when developing objectives, strategies and tactics what should be considered?
A
- The RESPONSE TIME for requested support
- The requirements for RELIEF CREWS and REFRESHMENTS; and
- Whether a CHANGE OF SHIFT might be necessary
3
Q
It is the responsibility of the Incident Commander (IC) to ensure that in general, each tactical priority has been addressed, according to the SOGs, involving structure fires the IC should consider how many sides of the fire?
A
- SEVEN SIDES OF THE FIRE:
o Front, Rear, Both Sides, Top, Bottom, Inside
4
Q
As described in STP - When conducting ventilation using a fan, what is the most effective inlet/outlet ratio?
A
- 1:4. Outlet 4x larger than the inlet. This basically means that you could open most of the windows in a normal sized residence (outlets) when using a fan from a single doorway (inlet). This will clear the atmosphere much faster than sequentially pressurising each room separately.
5
Q
As recommended in STP - When conducting ventilation with a fan, the fan should be set back approximately how far from the door.
A
- The fan should be set back approximately the height of the door.
6
Q
FRNSW use different methods to ventilate a structure. All ventilation methods require safety precautions. According to the Firefighters Training Manual, what safety precautions should you practice during vertical or trench ventilation?
A
- Don’t walk on spongy roofs.
- Watch for indications of weakening structure or other hazards
- Caution when working near wires
- Always have a means of retreat
- Keep a firm footing
- Take care to prevent sliding and falling
- FF making the opening are standing windward of the cut & wearing the correct PPE
- Apply extreme caution using power tools
7
Q
You have been instructed to commence ventilation. According to the Firefighters Training Manual, when determining where ventilation needs to be carried out, what considerations need to be taken into account?
A
- The nature and proximity of exposures;
- The size of the fire;
- The seat of the fire;
- The wind and weather conditions;
- The type of building construction; and
- The presence of vertical or horizontal openings and how they may affect ventilation
8
Q
According to the Firefighters Training Manual, what conditions should be determined before carrying out ventilation?
A
- The seat of the fire has been located;
- Crews are ready to enter with charged hose lines;
- Back-up crews are ready to enter; and
- Communications have been established amongst all crews.
9
Q
According to Six Minute Intensive Training-Door entry - What are the door entry techniques that can be used with the Halligan tool?
A
- Inward Adze Roll Technique
- Fork Drive
- Outward Adze (drive and steer)
10
Q
According to Six Minute Intensive Training-Door entry - What are the five steps to forcing a door?
A
- SIZE UP: How urgent? Not time critical = consider passive entry (360, try all windows and doors etc)
- GAP: Usually start with Adze Blade, work tool between door and frame to create gap. Second FF may be required with sledge axe to ‘strike’ Halligan to get start
- SET: With gap established (wedge may be required), manoeuvre to complete forced entry (adze or fork depending on situation)
- FORCE: Final action to defeat lock, use mechanical advantage leverage to complete spread (2 FF’s may be required)
- CONTROL: Open door to not have adverse effect on situation. Use Adze to hook back of door to pull closed
11
Q
According to Recommended Practice, state why the thermal imaging camera may or may not be suitable for use in a flammable atmosphere.
A
- Thermal imaging cameras are not intrinsically safe
12
Q
According to Safety Bulletin 2023-03 TIC lanyard entanglement risk - If the TIC needs to be handed between members of firefighting or search and rescue teams what is the safest method to pass to the front firefighter?
A
- It is safest to do so around the side of the body of the front FF, not over the shoulder
13
Q
According to Firefighters Training Manual -You attend a house fire at 2am and on arrival notice a small amount of smoke issuing from the ground level of a 2-storey residence. Two cars are parked in the driveway. What three principles should you keep in mind when forcing entry?
A
- Enter without undue delay
- Enter with the minimum of structural damage; and
- Enter so as to provide access to as much of the building as possible.
14
Q
According to STP - List 2 common hose laying techniques that can be used by firefighters?
A
- Traditional ‘S’ lay: 2 x lengths 38mm hose flaked in hose tray
- Cleveland Load
15
Q
According to Recommended practice, list four safety precautions when using extension ladders.
A
- Maximum number of persons permitted on the ladder at any time is two.
- FF climbing ladder must ensure they have 3 points of contact on the ladder. A point of contact is either hand holding rung, or foot firmly placed on rung
- FF must always foot the ladder by standing on anti-slip feet and holding either the rungs or the handles when anybody is on the ladder
- Maintain a working angle of 4:1 (for every 4 metres the head of the ladder extends up the wall, the base of the ladder must be 1 metres from the wall.
16
Q
According to STP - When reading a fire, we need indicators to base our decisions on, what are the most important indicators?
A
- B-SAHF
o BUILDING
o SMOKE
o AIR TRACK
o HEAT
o FLAME
17
Q
According to STP - What techniques enable us to control the interior environment during a structure fire?
A
- GAS COOLING
o Short pulse
o Long pulse - HOSE STREAM TECHNIQUES
o Indirect attack
o Direct attack
18
Q
STP - Details how a structure fire will burn within one of two burning regimes. List and describe the regimes.
A
- FUEL CONTROLLED: In this initial phase of fire development the fire grows as a direct function of the fuel itself with little or no influence from the compartment environment ie the size, shape or number of openings. If we continue to add fuel the fire will grow in size. If we remove fuel, the fire will decrease in size. Therefore fires with more than enough air for combustion are said to be Fuel Controlled
- VENTILATION CONTROLLED: Most structure fires will reach a stage where fire development and the Heat Release Rate (HRR) is now dictated by the availability of oxygen. This occurs during a fully developed fire when the firs is pyrolyzing more fuel than can be burnt with the available oxygen in the compartment. It will also occur prior to this if the enclosure has insufficient openings. Simply put, fire growth (and HRR) is limited by the available air (O2) supply
19
Q
According to the Firefighters Training Manual, what is the definition of thermal capacity?
A
- The amount of heat absorbed for any given increase in temperature.
20
Q
To extinguish a fire, we must remove one or more factors that form the fire triangle or fire tetrahedron. According to the Firefighters Training Manual, what methods are used to remove one of these factors. List four.
A
- Starvation
- Smothering
- Cooling
- Interruption of the flame chain reaction
21
Q
According to the Firefighters Training Manual, what does the term latent heat of vaporisation refer to?
A
- The amount of heat required to vaporise a unit weight of the extinguishing medium
22
Q
STP - Identifies the search priority in multi storey buildings, list the priorities.
A
- The Fire Floor
- The Floor Above, and
- The Top Floor
23
Q
STP - Outlines when a working at a task/tactical level and a firefighter becomes trapped, injured missing or overdue. What message should be sent to draw attention to the situation?
A
- A Mayday Message
24
Q
According to STP - What removal technique provides a time efficient technique that removes an unconscious or decreased level of consciousness firefighter from their equipment providing access for assessment and further medical intervention?
A
- Firefighter Down Mayday Drag
25
According to Six Minute Intensive Training - During Firefighting Operations, what does fire attack crew never ignore?
- A Fire Attack crew never ignores a casualty
26
According to Six Minute Intensive Training – Search and rescue during firefighting operations-The objective of a search is to confirm an ALL CLEAR, this is usually broken into what two components?
- PRIMARY SEARCH: Rapid & systematic, simultaneously with FA, if fire conditions and crew response allows
- SECONDARY SEARCH: More thorough and methodical, confirm casualties have not been missed. Normally once fire control is achieved (can be done simultaneously with ventilation.
27
As stated in Six Minute Intensive Training – Search and rescue during firefighting operations - What signs would indicate it’s time to withdraw?
1. Worsening fire/smoke conditions
2. Signs of structural collapse
3. Previously unknown hazards eg acetylene
4. Emergency Radio Message signalling:
o Loss of PAR
o Change to Defensive via order from IC to withdraw or abandon
28
According to STP - Overhaul is a procedure we follow after we attend an incident and extinguish the fire. For your safety during overhaul what is it essential for you to do?
- Wear SCBA and a full set of FF clothing
- Perform atmospheric monitoring using a gas detector.
- NB The levels of CO are extremely high during this stage of operations, due to incomplete combustion.
29
According to STP - Crews operating on levels above the fire should be constantly alert for the potential of fire extension. List the actions should crews take.
- Action from crews should include:
o Checking concealed spaces, including ducting and pipework with the TIC
o Closing windows and moving flammable material away from windows
o Always having charged lines of hose
o Maintaining communication with outside crews, who can report any externally visible indicators of changed fire activity
30
According to SOGs - At a high-rise structure fire, what are the actions of the first arriving Station Commander?
- The first Station Commander becomes the Sector Commander for the fire floor, establishes a Forward Control Point and commences fire operations from the floor below the fire.
31
According to SOGs - At a high-rise structure fire, what area provides a safe location with building communications, control equipment and plans?
- The Fire Control Room (FCR) provides a safe location with building communications, control equipment and plans. The IC will establish a control point in the FCR or send a FF there to operate the equipment and liaise with wardens.
32
You respond to a High-Rise building. According to SOGs, High Rise buildings are generally described by what characteristics?
- High rise buildings are generally described as being more than 25m high or having more than 10 levels.
33
A 6-level building has a fire burning on the 3rd level. Heat smoke and fire gases are gradually rising through vertical openings and spreading to floors above the fire. As per the Firefighters Training Manual, what factors will mostly affect the levels reached by these stratified layers?
- Height of the building
- Size of the fire
- Size of the internal openings
- Type of fuel in the fire
- Weather
34
As listed in STP - What form populated by firefighters gives the Fire Investigator a summary of firefighter actions at an incident.
- SOFA: Summary of Observations & Firefighter Actions Report
35
According to STP – ‘Fire Safety and Investigation’ there are four classifications of cause. Name and describe them.
1. NATURAL: Fire caused without human intervention or action, such as fires resulting from lightning, earthquake, wind and flood
2. ACCIDENTAL: Fires for which the proven cause does not involve an intentional human act to ignite or spread the fire into an area where a fire should not be
3. INCENDIARY: A fire that is intentionally ignited in an area where and when there should not be a fire
4. UNDETERMINED: Cause of the fire cannot be proven to an acceptable level of certainty.
36
According to the Fire Investigation toolkit on the Intranet, when should you request FIRU for assistance?
- Contact the Fire Investigation and Research Unit (FIRU) for assistance if:
o There has been a loss of life at a fire, or a person is not expected to live from their injuries, or
o The fire is considered major (ie 4th alarm or above, significant community impact or unusual fire behaviour), or
o The origin and cause of the fire is not apparent
37
According to SOGs - Operators of aged care facilities have emergency plans, which include a staged evacuation plan. List the stage numbers including the stage FRNSW would likely be involved.
- STAGE 1: Residents removed from immediate danger – evacuated to an adjoining room or corridor
- STAGE 2: FRNSW ARE LIKELY TO BE INVOLVED FROM THIS STAGE. Residents removed from adjoining rooms and corridors, away from the emergency (fire, smoke, gas) – evacuated to an adjoining fire or smoke complartment, or another floor below the emergency
- STAGE 3: Residents completely evacuated from the building – evacuated to a nominated safe assembly area.
38
According to SOGs - Emergency Response Teams have varying levels of skills, equipment, and training. Depending on the hazards involved, the IC must determine, from Pre-Incident Planning and discussion with the Emergency Response Team Leader, their role at an incident. Name three activities Emergency Response Team can participate in.
- Specialist advice to the IC relating to hazards, industrial processes and installed fire safety systems
- Operation of valves and other industrial processes
- Fire attack under the control of FRNSW officers
39
According to SOGs - The Emergency Control Organisation may consist of people identified by coloured helmets, hats, caps, vests, or tabards. Name the members and the identifying colour.
- WHITE: Chief warden, Deputy chief warden, Communications officer
- YELLOW: Floor warden, Area warden
- RED: Wardens
- WHITE CROSS ON GREEN BACKGROUND: First aid officer
40
On arrival at an incident, you observe the EWIS is operating. Upon closer inspection you note it has defects. According to the SOGs, what actions should you take?
- If any defects are noted, advise the FRNSW Fire Safety Division to have the matter investigated. Do not initiate any action yourself.
41
According to the FRNSW smoke alarm installation procedure - When installing a smoke alarm in a residential dwelling, what is the most suitable fixing method to attach to surfaces.
- Heavy-duty double sided tape, specifically the heavy-duty 3M brand Part No. 4950 double-sided tape available through ESCAT (Cat no. 7930).
42
According to STP -What is recommended configuration for relay pumping operation?
- Base pump to have the largest capacity and pumps 5 lengths to the next relay pump
- Relay pump to relay pump = 7 lengths
- Relay to fireground pump = 7 lengths
43
According to SOGs - When using a hydrant booster, the IC will instruct the pump operator to run the hydrant booster system in one of three modes. List all three.
1. STANDBY MODE:
2. ACTIVATION MODE:
3. DE-ACTIVATION MODE:
44
You need to attach a delivery to the hydrant outlet. According to the Firefighters Training Manual, hydrants have what types of deliveries?
- Double delivery:
- Elbow delivery:
- Standpipe delivery:
45
According to the Firefighters Training Manual, water is drawn from various types of water mains. Name the types of mains.
- We draw water from three types of mains:
o TRUNK mains: water from original source to secondary distribution point
o DISTRIBUTARY mains: water from secondary dp to sub-divided areas (suburbs etc)
o RETICULATION mains: feed of distributary mains and feed individual streets and buildings
46
You are completing a pre-incident plan for an occupancy located within your station area. Your priorities are confirming correct keys and swipe cards, along with updating information for the MDT. The SO directs you to inspect the Fire Control Room. According to the SOGs, What features are included in a Fire Control Room?
- A FCR is usually at ground or below ground level. Features include
o Fire isolated room with a 2 hour fire rating and separate ventilation
o Two exit points, to the front of the building and directly into a fire exit
o Fire Indicator Panel
o Fire Fan Control Panel
o Master Emergency Control Panel
o Controls for fire pumps
o Security Alarm and Control Panels
o Telephone (direct line outside)
o Whiteboard, corkboard and plan table
o Tactical Fire Plans (maps and schematics)
47
According to STP -The National Construction Code classes buildings “Class 1” through to “Class 10”. The class of building is a measure of the buildings likely: List these four points.
- The class of building is a measure of the building’s likely:
1. Use;
2. Fire load;
3. Population; and
4. Mobility of the occupants, such as whether they are sleeping or alert
48
According STP - Who must give consent for PIP inspections to be conducted on a premises?
- PIP inspections shall only be conducted with the consent of the building owner or occupier of the building and in accordance with FRNSW standing orders
49
According to STP - Where should Warden Intercom Points be in a building?
- Automatically rings EICIE when taken from cradle
- Located:
o At EICIE (Chief Wardens Handset) (Emergency Intercom Control and Indicating Equipment)
o Within 4m of exit within each emergency zone
o Within 4m of exit on each storey
o Within emergency lift shafts
o Adjacent to FDCIE (Fire Detection Control & Indicating Equipment NB formerly known as FIP) if remote from EICIE
50
According to STP, name the components in an AS 2118.1 sprinkler alarm valve room.
- Main Stop Valve
- Deluge Valve
- Sprinkler Alarm Valve
- Sprinkler Test Facility
- Test Drain
- System pressure gauge
- Water supply with water supply pressure gauge
51
Owners and occupiers of premises can deposit keys at their nearest fire station so that firefighters can gain access without causing unnecessary damage. Located in the Forms filing cabinet on the intranet, name the two forms that need to be completed when receiving keys to private premises.
- Keys to Private Premises – Applicant (used in conjunction with Deposit of Keys form)
- Keys Deposit – Station Commander (used in conjunction with Keys to Private Premises form)
52
You are attending an incident at a large cold storage facility. Your SO has directed you to cut into an Insulated Sandwich Panel (ISP). Prior to cutting the ISP, you conduct a risk assessment. According to the SOGs, list the important issues to consider?
- Leaked refrigerant gas which may be pocketed behind panels or in ducting
- Electrical wiring or refrigerant gas pipes that may be located behind the panels
- The potential to generate sparks that could ignite flammable refrigerant gas or EPS panel cores
- Weakening of the structure when multiple panels are cut
- An increase in fire activity due to the introduction of air
53
Insulated Sandwich Panels (ISPs), especially those with Expanded Polystyrene (EPS) cores can create an extremely hazardous environment for firefighters and may force adoption of a defensive strategy from an early stage. According to SOG’s, what are the reasons for this?
1. EPS melts and flows like a liquid. It is highly flammable, inducing rapid fire spread, which is undetectable with thermal imaging cameras (due to the insulating properties of the panels) and can spread to areas remote from the fire origin.
2. Panel delamination, where the hot metal panel skins bow and open up, rapidly increases the rate of fire spread, which heats the ceiling void, creates secondary pool fires from melted EPS, and causes panels to collapse.
3. There is an increased risk of flashover and backdraught.
4. Large volumes of toxic, think, black, acrid smoke are produced.
5. Sudden, loss of structural integrity may cause substantial building collapse.
54
According to STP - What actions should you take upon noticing signs of structural collapse?
- Notify all personnel in the collapse zone
- Notify the SO/Sector Commander
- Evacuate premises
- Set up exclusion zone
- Use appropriate water streams
Russ Study Notes
flashcards
Decks in class (20)
# Cards
-
INCIDENT MANAGEMENT34
-
COMMUNICATIONS8
-
BUSHFIRES18
-
STRUCTURE FIRES54
-
AIRCRAFT INCIDENTS5
-
LAND TRANSPORT AND TUNNEL INCIDENTS2
-
SPECIAL INCIDENTS11
-
RESPIRATORY PROTECTION5
-
HAZARDOUS MATERIALS30
-
RESCUE4
-
DRIVING3
-
UTILITIES13
-
SPECIAL APPLIANCES & EQUIPMENT1
-
INCIDENT/EMERGENCY SUPPORT13
-
FRNSW REGULATIONS 202312
-
FRNSW ACT 19898
-
STANDING ORDERS9
-
ANTI-DISCRIMINATION ACT 19771
-
STATE EMERGENCY AND RESCUE MANAGEMENT ACT 19892
-
LONG REVISION FOR COMPLICATED RESPONSES29
