Study Guide

Question 1

AVCS

Answer 1

Reduces cockpit and cabin vibrations by mechanically generating additional vibrations that are out-of-phase with main rotor

Question 2

Stabilator (SCALP)

Answer 2

• Streamlines w/ rotor downwash at low speed (below 30kts)
• Collective coupling to minimize pitch attitude due to collective inputs (above 30kts)
• Angle of incidence decreases above 30 kts for improved static stability
• Lateral sideslip to pitch coupling to reduce susceptibility to gusts (Up/Right)
• Pitch rate feedback to improve dynamic stability

Question 3

Parasitic Drag

Answer 3

Non-lifting portions of the helicopter

Question 4

Profile Drag

Answer 4

Friction of rotor blades through the air

Question 5

Induced Drag

Answer 5

Production of lift; High AOA produces more

Question 6

Total Drag

Answer 6

Sum of all drag

Question 7

In Ground Effect

Answer 7

Reduced rotor tip vortices caused by horizontal flow of air along ground. Reduced induced flow means decreased Angle of Incidence which requires less power to fly

Question 8

Out of Ground Effect

Answer 8

Increased induced flow requires increased Angle of Incidence to maintain same Angle of Attack therefore requiring more power

Question 9

Dissymmetry of Lift

Answer 9

Difference in lift between advancing and retreating blades (Compensated with blade flapping and cyclic feathering)

Question 10

Translating Tendency

Answer 10

Tail rotor thrust used to counteract torque effect from main rotor blade (Pushed to right due to counterclockwise)

Question 11

Transverse Flow

Answer 11

Difference in lift between fore and aft portions of disk causing unequal drag and vibrations. (10-20kts)

Question 12

Effective Translational Lift

Answer 12

Blades outrun their own downwash and operate in undisturbed air increasing efficiency and is seen as an increased rate of climb and performance. (16-24kts)

Question 12

Settling With Power

Answer 12

Helicopter settles into its own downwash and vortex ring state forms vortices at blade tips and inner portion of rotor disk.

• Vertical Descent > 300FPM
• Low Airspeed < ETL
• 20-100% power to rotor with insufficient power to arrest descent

Recover:
-Collective to arrest descent if possible
- Cyclic in any safe direction to reduce upward induced flow

Question 13

Settling With Power (Conditions Conducive)

Answer 13

• Steep approach at high rate of descent
• Downwind approach
• Formation flight approach
• Hover above max hover ceiling
• OGE hover bad altitude control
• Masking/Unmasking

Question 14

Dynamic Roll Over

Answer 14

Lateral rolling tendency that occurs on level ground, slopes, or in crosswinds

• Inattention
• Inexperience
• Inappropriate control inputs
• Failure to take timely corrective action
• Loss of visual reference

Question 15

Weight and Balance

Answer 15

• Completed form is onboard aircraft
• Accuracy of computations (Signature)
• Weight & CG remain within allowable limits throughout the flight

Question 16

Weight and Balance (Reweigh Standards)

Answer 16

• Overhaul / Major Repair
• Modifications that change > 1% aircraft basic weight
• Any mods where CG cannot be accurately computed including paint
• Class 2, minimum 24 months

Question 17

Oxygen Requirements

Answer 17

• Above 10,000 > 1 Hour
• Above 12,000 > 30 minutes
• Above 14,000
• Above 18,000 pre-breathing O2 30 minutes prior

Question 18

Stress

Answer 18

Non-specific response of the body to any demand placed upon it

Question 19

Types of Stress

Answer 19

• Psychosocial (Jobs, Illness, Family)
• Environmental (Altitude, Speed, Temperature)
• Physiological (DEATH)
• Cognitive (Musts / Shoulds)

Question 20

Fatigue

Answer 20

State of feeling tired, weary, or sleepy that results from prolonged mental or physical work, extended periods of anxiety, loss of sleep.

Question 21

Types of Fatigue

Answer 21

• Acute occurs between 2 sleep periods (DIENILL)
• Chronic is successive acute cycles (SLIPWIPD)
• Motivational Exhaustion / Burnout is untreated chronic fatigue causes person to shut down and cease to function

Question 22

Hypoxic Hypoxia

Answer 22

Not enough O2 in the air

Question 23

Hypemic Hypoxia

Answer 23

Reduction in O2 carrying capacity of the blood

Question 24

Histotoxic Hypoxia

Answer 24

Tissue cannot absorb O2 due to poisoning, drugs or alcohol

Question 25

Stagnant Hypoxia

Answer 25

Inadequate circulation of the blood

Question 26

Spatial Disorientation

Answer 26

Pilot's erroneous perception of position, attitude, or motion in relation to the gravitational vertical and the Earth's surface

Question 27

4 Sensory Types

Answer 27

- Visual: Most important to orient 3D space; roughly 80% - Vestibular: Inner ears contain semicircular canals (angular acceleration) and otolith organs (linear acceleration) - Somatosensory: Pressure on joints, muscles, skin and internal organ movement - Auditory

Question 28

Visual Illusions (VFCHCSFASASS)

Answer 28

- Vection - False Horizon - Confusion with ground lights - Height/Depth Perception Illusion - Crater Illusion - Structural Illusion - Fascination / Fixation - Autokinesis - Size - Distance Illusion - Aerial Perspective - Size Constancy - Shape Constancy

Question 29

LAND AS SOON AS POSSIBLE

Answer 29

Landing at the nearest suitable landing area (e.g. open field) without delay. Primary consideration is to ensure survival of the occupants.

Question 30

LAND AS SOON AS PRACTICABLE

Answer 30

Landing at a suitable landing area. Primary consideration is the urgency of the emergency.

Question 31

AUTOROTATE

Answer 31

Adjusting flight controls as necessary to establish an autorotational descent and landing.

Question 32

EMER ENG SHUTDOWN

Answer 32

Engine shutdown without delay. Not an immediate action unless a fire exists.

Question 33

LOCKOUT

Answer 33

Manual control of engine RPM while bypassing DEC/EDECU functions. Bypass will be required when NP1/2 decreases below normal demand speed due to a malfunction of DEC/EDECU.